9 个回答
72
标签集的选择是根据用来训练标签器的语料库来决定的。nltk.pos_tag()这个默认的标签器使用的是宾夕法尼亚树库标签集。
在NLTK 2中，你可以通过以下方式查看默认的标签器是什么：
import nltk
nltk.tag._POS_TAGGER
>>> 'taggers/maxent_treebank_pos_tagger/english.pickle'
这意味着它是一个基于最大熵模型的标签器，训练时使用的是树库语料库。
在NLTK 3中，nltk.tag._POS_TAGGER这个东西不再存在了，但文档中说明，现成的标签器仍然使用宾夕法尼亚树库标签集。
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为了节省大家的时间，这里有一个我从小部分资料中提取出来的列表。我不确定这个列表是否完整，但应该包含了大部分（如果不是全部的话）来自upenn_tagset的帮助定义...
CC: 连词，协调的
& 'n and both but either et for less minus neither nor or plus so
therefore times v. versus vs. whether yet
CD: 数字，基数
mid-1890 nine-thirty forty-two one-tenth ten million 0.5 one forty-
seven 1987 twenty '79 zero two 78-degrees eighty-four IX '60s .025
fifteen 271,124 dozen quintillion DM2,000 ...
DT: 限定词
all an another any both del each either every half la many much nary
neither no some such that the them these this those
EX: 存在的“那里”
there
IN: 介词或连词，附属的
astride among upon whether out inside pro despite on by throughout
below within for towards near behind atop around if like until below
next into if beside ...
JJ: 形容词或数字，序数
third ill-mannered pre-war regrettable oiled calamitous first separable
ectoplasmic battery-powered participatory fourth still-to-be-named
multilingual multi-disciplinary ...
JJR: 形容词，比较级
bleaker braver breezier briefer brighter brisker broader bumper busier
calmer cheaper choosier cleaner clearer closer colder commoner costlier
cozier creamier crunchier cuter ...
JJS: 形容词，最高级
calmest cheapest choicest classiest cleanest clearest closest commonest
corniest costliest crassest creepiest crudest cutest darkest deadliest
dearest deepest densest dinkiest ...
LS: 列表项标记
A A. B B. C C. D E F First G H I J K One SP-44001 SP-44002 SP-44005
SP-44007 Second Third Three Two * a b c d first five four one six three
two
MD: 情态助动词
can cannot could couldn't dare may might must need ought shall should
shouldn't will would
NN: 名词，普通，单数或不可数
common-carrier cabbage knuckle-duster Casino afghan shed thermostat
investment slide humour falloff slick wind hyena override subhumanity
machinist ...
NNP: 名词，专有，单数
Motown Venneboerger Czestochwa Ranzer Conchita Trumplane Christos
Oceanside Escobar Kreisler Sawyer Cougar Yvette Ervin ODI Darryl CTCA
Shannon A.K.C. Meltex Liverpool ...
NNS: 名词，普通，复数
undergraduates scotches bric-a-brac products bodyguards facets coasts
divestitures storehouses designs clubs fragrances averages
subjectivists apprehensions muses factory-jobs ...
PDT: 前限定词
all both half many quite such sure this
POS: 所有格标记
' 's
PRP: 代词，个人
hers herself him himself hisself it itself me myself one oneself ours
ourselves ownself self she thee theirs them themselves they thou thy us
PRP$: 代词，物主
her his mine my our ours their thy your
RB: 副词
occasionally unabatingly maddeningly adventurously professedly
stirringly prominently technologically magisterially predominately
swiftly fiscally pitilessly ...
RBR: 副词，比较级
further gloomier grander graver greater grimmer harder harsher
healthier heavier higher however larger later leaner lengthier less-
perfectly lesser lonelier longer louder lower more ...
RBS: 副词，最高级
best biggest bluntest earliest farthest first furthest hardest
heartiest highest largest least less most nearest second tightest worst
RP: 小品词
aboard about across along apart around aside at away back before behind
by crop down ever fast for forth from go high i.e. in into just later
low more off on open out over per pie raising start teeth that through
under unto up up-pp upon whole with you
TO: “to”作为介词或不定式标记
to
UH: 感叹词
Goodbye Goody Gosh Wow Jeepers Jee-sus Hubba Hey Kee-reist Oops amen
huh howdy uh dammit whammo shucks heck anyways whodunnit honey golly
man baby diddle hush sonuvabitch ...
VB: 动词，基本形式
ask assemble assess assign assume atone attention avoid bake balkanize
bank begin behold believe bend benefit bevel beware bless boil bomb
boost brace break bring broil brush build ...
VBD: 动词，过去式
dipped pleaded swiped regummed soaked tidied convened halted registered
cushioned exacted snubbed strode aimed adopted belied figgered
speculated wore appreciated contemplated ...
VBG: 动词，现在分词或动名词
telegraphing stirring focusing angering judging stalling lactating
hankerin' alleging veering capping approaching traveling besieging
encrypting interrupting erasing wincing ...
VBN: 动词，过去分词
multihulled dilapidated aerosolized chaired languished panelized used
experimented flourished imitated reunifed factored condensed sheared
unsettled primed dubbed desired ...
VBP: 动词，现在时，不是第三人称单数
predominate wrap resort sue twist spill cure lengthen brush terminate
appear tend stray glisten obtain comprise detest tease attract
emphasize mold postpone sever return wag ...
VBZ: 动词，现在时，第三人称单数
bases reconstructs marks mixes displeases seals carps weaves snatches
slumps stretches authorizes smolders pictures emerges stockpiles
seduces fizzes uses bolsters slaps speaks pleads ...
WDT: WH-限定词
that what whatever which whichever
WP: WH-代词
that what whatever whatsoever which who whom whosoever
WRB: Wh-副词
how however whence whenever where whereby whereever wherein whereof why
176