Pycrypto安装致命错误：未找到gmp.h文件
看起来有很多人遇到了类似的问题，不过我找了很久也没找到适合我这种情况的解决办法。我想安装Pycrypto（这是Fabric的一个子模块），但一直没成功。
我现在用的是Mac 10.8.2，Python 2.7.3是通过Homebrew安装的，还有XCode 4.6。我尝试过用pip和easy_install来安装，但都不行。根据我的观察，问题可能出在我的XCode版本上，或者是我的库文件有问题。XCode的命令行工具已经安装好了，我还试着在我的.cshrc文件里加了setenv ARCHFLAGS "-arch i386 -arch x86_64"。我也试过用ln -s /Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Platforms/MacOSX.platform/Developer /Developer来链接开发者文件夹。至于库文件，我试着用ln -s /usr/local/lib/libgmp.dylib /usr/lib/libgmp.dylib来链接它们，但也没成功。
无论我怎么尝试，错误信息总是一样的（见下文）。任何帮助都非常感谢。
/usr/local/share/python% pip install pycrypto
Downloading/unpacking pycrypto
Running setup.py egg_info for package pycrypto
Installing collected packages: pycrypto
Running setup.py install for pycrypto
building 'Crypto.PublicKey._fastmath' extension
/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Toolchains/XcodeDefault.xctoolchain/usr/bin/clang -fno-strict-aliasing -fno-common -dynamic -arch i386 -arch x86_64 -pipe -mmacosx-version-min=10.8 -isysroot /Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Platforms/MacOSX.platform/Developer/SDKs/MacOSX10.8.sdk -Wno-unused-value -Wno-empty-body -Qunused-arguments -fwrapv -Wall -Wstrict-prototypes -std=c99 -O3 -fomit-frame-pointer -Isrc/ -I/usr/include/ -I/usr/local/Cellar/python/2.7.3/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/include/python2.7 -c src/_fastmath.c -o build/temp.macosx-10.8-intel-2.7/src/_fastmath.o
src/_fastmath.c:36:11: fatal error: 'gmp.h' file not found
# include <gmp.h>
^
1 error generated.
error: command '/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Toolchains/XcodeDefault.xctoolchain/usr/bin/clang' failed with exit status 1
Complete output from command /usr/local/Cellar/python/2.7.3/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/Resources/Python.app/Contents/MacOS/Python -c "import setuptools;__file__='/var/folders/ym/v8l23q_x2xz_qhx3m84n6ym00005fr/T/pip-build/pycrypto/setup.py';exec(compile(open(__file__).read().replace('\r\n', '\n'), __file__, 'exec'))" install --record /var/folders/ym/v8l23q_x2xz_qhx3m84n6ym00005fr/T/pip-Xb7nGV-record/install-record.txt --single-version-externally-managed:
running install
running build
running build_py
running build_ext
running build_configure
building 'Crypto.PublicKey._fastmath' extension
/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Toolchains/XcodeDefault.xctoolchain/usr/bin/clang -fno-strict-aliasing -fno-common -dynamic -arch i386 -arch x86_64 -pipe -mmacosx-version-min=10.8 -isysroot /Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Platforms/MacOSX.platform/Developer/SDKs/MacOSX10.8.sdk -Wno-unused-value -Wno-empty-body -Qunused-arguments -fwrapv -Wall -Wstrict-prototypes -std=c99 -O3 -fomit-frame-pointer -Isrc/ -I/usr/include/ -I/usr/local/Cellar/python/2.7.3/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/include/python2.7 -c src/_fastmath.c -o build/temp.macosx-10.8-intel-2.7/src/_fastmath.o
src/_fastmath.c:36:11: fatal error: 'gmp.h' file not found
# include <gmp.h>
^
1 error generated.
error: command '/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Toolchains/XcodeDefault.xctoolchain /usr/bin/clang' failed with exit status 1
----------------------------------------
Command /usr/local/Cellar/python/2.7.3/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/Resources/Python.app/Contents/MacOS/Python -c "import setuptools;__file__='/var/folders/ym/v8l23q_x2xz_qhx3m84n6ym00005fr/T/pip-build/pycrypto/setup.py';exec(compile(open(__file__).read().replace('\r\n', '\n'), __file__, 'exec'))" install --record /var/folders/ym/v8l23q_x2xz_qhx3m84n6ym00005fr/T/pip-Xb7nGV-record/install-record.txt --single-version-externally-managed failed with error code 1 in /var/folders/ym/v8l23q_x2xz_qhx3m84n6ym00005fr/T/pip-build/pycrypto
Storing complete log in /Users/me/.pip/pip.log
当我尝试调用Fabric时出现的错误：
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/usr/local/share/python/fab", line 5, in <module>
from pkg_resources import load_entry_point
File "/usr/local/Cellar/python/2.7.3/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/site-packages/distribute-0.6.28-py2.7.egg/pkg_resources.py", line 2815, in <module>
working_set.require(__requires__)
File "/usr/local/Cellar/python/2.7.3/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/site-packages/distribute-0.6.28-py2.7.egg/pkg_resources.py", line 690, in require
needed = self.resolve(parse_requirements(requirements))
File "/usr/local/Cellar/python/2.7.3/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/site-packages/distribute-0.6.28-py2.7.egg/pkg_resources.py", line 588, in resolve
raise DistributionNotFound(req)
pkg_resources.DistributionNotFound: pycrypto>=2.1,!=2.4
5 个回答
6
我用以下命令成功安装了PyCrypto：
CFLAGS=-I/opt/local/include pip install pycrypto
我通过MacPorts安装了GMP，系统是OSX 10.8.3，使用的是从python.org下载的Python 2.7.2。在这种情况下，我是在一个虚拟环境中安装的。
当使用PyCrypto时，我确实收到了以下警告，但它仍然可以正常工作：
/Users/me/.virtualenvs/blah/lib/python2.7/site-packages/Crypto/Util/number.py:57: PowmInsecureWarning: Not using mpz_powm_sec. You should rebuild using libgmp >= 5 to avoid timing attack vulnerability.
_warn("Not using mpz_powm_sec. You should rebuild using libgmp >= 5 to avoid timing attack vulnerability.", PowmInsecureWarning)
128
如果你在使用Homebrew，这个命令应该能解决你的问题：
brew install gmp
env "CFLAGS=-I/usr/local/include -L/usr/local/lib" pip install pycrypto
使用env命令只会让它在这次调用中有效。如果你想在这个会话中稍后安装pycrypto，最好是导出这个变量。
export "CFLAGS=-I/usr/local/include -L/usr/local/lib"
pip install pycrypto