我该如何设计Django模型用于团队、玩家和比赛对象？

Question

我不太确定该怎么问这个问题？首先让我解释一下，我有两个模型，分别是 Team（团队）和 Player（玩家）。

class team()
        name = models.CharField(max_length=100) // name quato something like this

class player(models.Model) 
        point = models.IntegerField()
        assist = models.IntegerField() 
        rebound = models.IntegerField() //something like this 
        team = models.ForeignKey(team)

我需要一个 Match（比赛）模型，以及在这场比赛中玩家的表现（得分、助攻、篮板）；我该怎么创建一个模型来表示这些呢？

Answer 1

我会这样做：

class StatisticsBase(models.Model):
    class Meta:
        abstract = True

    points = models.IntegerField()   # plural form reads easier here
    assists = models.IntegerField()  # at least in English
    rebounds = models.IntegerField()


class Player(StatisticsBase):
    name = models.CharField(max_length=100)


class Match(StatisticsBase):
    players = models.ManyToManyField(Player)  # you should capitalize class names
    # any additional fields

Answer 2

这是一个练习或者作业吗？还是在模拟一个真实的应用场景？比如说，球员可能会随着时间换队，那你打算怎么建模呢？为了简单起见，我们假设球员不会换队。我的建模方式如下：

class Team(models.Model):
    name = models.CharField(max_length=100)
    # other attributes that do not change over time

class Player(models.Model):
    name = models.CharField(max_length=100)
    team = models.ForeignKey(Team)
    # other attributes that do not change over time

class Match(models.Model):
    venue = models.CharField(max_length=100)
    date = models.DateField()
    # other non-redundant attributes

class PlayerMatch(models.Model):
    player = models.ForeignKey(Player)
    match = models.ForeignKey(Match)

    points = models.IntegerField()
    assists = models.IntegerField()
    rebounds = models.IntegerField()

这里重要的是，统计数据只保存在 PlayerMatch 里。你不需要在 Player 或 Match 中重复这些数据，那样会造成数据冗余。相反，可以根据这些数据结构来计算比赛或球员的统计数据。