在Python中猜单词游戏 - 如何隐藏单词（例如，------）

Question

我正在用Python写一个猜单词的游戏，这是我的学校项目。我快完成了，但有一个问题让我困扰。我不知道怎么把一个单词隐藏起来。比如，如果单词是“monkey”，程序应该显示为“------”，当用户猜一个字母，比如“k”，程序就应该显示为“---k--”。

不幸的是，我必须按照特定的方式来写代码。我需要一个主函数，它只负责调用其他函数来完成所有的工作（比如询问用户输入字母的函数，或者检查猜的单词是否正确的函数）。我已经完成了所有的函数，除了这个隐藏单词的函数。

这个函数叫做 maskWord(state, word, guess)。我必须保留这些变量，但它们会被传递到函数里。state 是被隐藏的单词（例如“------”），word 是要猜的单词（例如“monkey”），而 guess 是用户猜的字母。一旦函数更新了隐藏的单词，它应该返回 state。还有一个规则是我不能创建全局变量。传递的变量就是必须使用的。

这是我目前的代码：

def maskWord(state, word, guess)
  guessed = []
  guessed.append(guess)
  for guess in word:
    if guess in guessed:
      state += guess
    else: state += "-"
  return state

这段代码并不好用。因为调用这个函数的主函数是一个循环，每次 guessed 都变成了一个空字符串。

如果有人能帮我解决这个问题，我将非常感激。我知道只用这些变量来写这个函数是可能的，因为我的老师只允许使用这些变量。

Answer 1

也许这对你有帮助：

import random
import string
VOWELS = 'aeiou'
CONSONANTS = 'bcdfghjklmnpqrstvwxyz'
HAND_SIZE = 7
SCRABBLE_LETTER_VALUES = { 'a': 1, 'b': 3, 'c': 3, 'd': 2, 'e': 1, 'f': 4, 'g': 2,
    'h': 4, 'i': 1, 'j': 8, 'k': 5, 'l': 1, 'm': 3, 'n': 1, 'o': 1, 'p': 3, 'q': 10,
    'r': 1, 's': 1, 't': 1, 'u': 1, 'v': 4, 'w': 4, 'x': 8, 'y': 4, 'z': 10 }

def load_words():
    
print ("Loading word list from file...")
    
# making the file
    
words_file= open("N:\Problem Set 1\words.txt", 'r', 0)
    
# making the wordlist
   
 words = []
   
 for line in words_file:
        
words.append(line.strip().lower())
    
print ("  ", len(words), "words loaded.")
    
return words


def get_frequency_dict(sequence):
    
# freqs: dictionary (element_type -> int)
    
frequencies = {}
    for x in sequence:
        frequencies[x] = frequencies.get(x,0) + 1
    return frequencies


# -----------------------------------


def get_word_score(word, n):
    output = 0
    # Checking whether the latter is in the list
    for letter in word:
        output = output + SCRABBLE_LETTER_VALUES.get(letter)
    output = output * len(word)
    if len(word) == n:
        output = output + 50
    if output < 0:
        print "That's is a negative value!"
    return output
  


def display_hand(hand):
    # Displaying the hand
    for letter, frequency in hand.items():
        for i in range(frequency):
            print letter,
    print '\n'
            
def deal_hand(n):
    hand={}
    number_vowels = n / 3
    
    for i in range(number_vowels):
        z = VOWELS[random.randrange(0,len(VOWELS))]
        hand[z] = hand.get(z, 0) + 1
        
    for i in range(number_vowels, n):    
        z = CONSONANTS[random.randrange(0,len(CONSONANTS))]
        hand[z] = hand.get(z, 0) + 1
        
    return hand

# Updating the hand
def update_hand(hand, word):       
    for letter in word:
        if hand[letter] != 0:
            hand[letter] = hand.get(letter, 0) - 1 
    return hand

#If letter chosen is in hand then append
def is_valid_word(word, hand, words_file):
    handchosen = dict.copy(hand)
    first_hand =[]
    second_hand = []
    for letter in handchosen.keys():
        for f in range(handchosen[letter]):
            first_hand.append(letter)
    for letter in word:
        for s in handchosen:
            if s == letter and handchosen[letter] != 0:
                    handchosen[letter] = handchosen.get(letter, 0) - 1
    for letter in handchosen.keys():
        for f in range(handchosen[letter]):
            second_hand.append(letter)
    if words_file.count(word) > 0 and len(word) + len(second_hand) == len(first_hand):
        return True
    else:
        return False

# Play the hand
def play_hand(hand, words_file):
    print
    print
    print 'Hey welcome to the Wordgame!'
    print
    print "Press '.' when you want to end the game."
    print
    n = HAND_SIZE
    old_hand = hand.copy()
    print 'Initial hand:',
    display_hand(hand)
    print
    loop = 1
    while loop == 1:
        yourscore = 0
        numLetters = 1
        while numLetters > 0:
            quit = '.'
            word = raw_input('Please enter a valid word: ')  
            if word != quit:
                if is_valid_word(word, hand, words_file) == False:
                    print 'Invalid word. Please enter a valid word:' 
                else:
                    numLetters = 1
                    print 'You got points for:',word,'=',get_word_score(word, n)
                    yourscore = yourscore + get_word_score(word, n)
                    print 'The total score:', yourscore
                    updated_hand = update_hand(hand, word)
                    print 'Current Hand:',
                    display_hand(updated_hand)
                    print
                    hand = updated_hand
                    for num in dict.values(hand):
                        numLetters = num + numLetters
                    numLetters = numLetters - 1
                    print numLetters,'letters are still remaining.'
                    if numLetters == 0:
                        loop = 0
                    print
            else:
                numLetters,loop = 0,0
    print 'Lets see what the final score is: ', yourscore

#Play the game
def play_game(words_file):
    hand = deal_hand(HAND_SIZE) # random init
    while True:
        # Let the user make a choice
        A = raw_input('Enter n to deal a new hand, r to play the same hand or e to end game: ')
        if A == 'n':
            hand = deal_hand(HAND_SIZE)
            play_hand(hand.copy(), words_file)
            old_hand = hand.copy()
            print
        # User can take the same hand
        elif A == 'r':
            play_hand(old_hand, words_file)
        # Break
        elif A == 'e':
            break
        else:
            print "That is a invalid command."


if __name__ == '__main__':
    words_file = load_words()
    play_game(words_file)

Answer 2

在SLACKY的回答基础上，我进一步扩展了内容，使用状态来存储有效的猜测。

def maskWord(state, word, guess):

    result = ''
    guessed = []
    character = ''
    for character in state:
        if not character == '-':
            if not character in guessed:
                guessed.append(character)

    if not guess in guessed:
        guessed.append(guess)

    for guess in word:
        if guess in guessed:
            result += guess
        else: 
            result += "-"

    # for debugging change to if True:
    if False:
        print 'state %s' % state
        print 'word %s' % word
        print 'guess %s' % guess
        print guessed

    return result


# Lets test if it works..:
import sys

word = "electricity"
state = ""
tries = 0

loop = True
while loop:
    if tries == len(word)*3: 
        print "Fail..."
        loop = False
    else:
        guess = raw_input("Guess: ")
        tries +=1
        state = maskWord(state, word, guess)
        print state
        if maskWord(state, word, guess) == word:    
            print "WIN, WIN!!"
            loop = False

Answer 3

我修改了我的回答，以便更好地反映评论的内容，现在比kjtl的回答稍微简短一些。不过，它还是基于同样的概念，就是把状态当作...嗯，当前的状态来使用 :)

def maskWord(state, word, guess):
    state = list(state)
    for i in range(len(word)):
        if word[i] == guess:
             state[i] = guess
    return "".join(state)


# Lets test if it works..:
word = "electricity"
state = "-" * len(word)
tries = 0

play = True
while play:
    if tries == len(word)*2: 
        print "Fail..."; 
        play = False
    guess = raw_input("Guess: ")
    tries +=1
    state = maskWord(state, word, guess)
    print state
    if maskWord(state, word, guess) == word:  
        print "WIN, WIN!!"; 
        play = False