在Django 1.4.3中避免CSRF错误

Question

我正在使用Django设计一个基本的登录和登出页面。下面是我的代码。

settings.py

TEMPLATE_CONTEXT_PROCESSORS = (
    ...........
    ...........
    "django.contrib.messages.context_processors.messages",
    "django.core.context_processors.request",
    "django.core.context_processors.csrf",
)

MIDDLEWARE_CLASSES = (
    'django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware',
)
INSTALLED_APPS = (
    'django.contrib.auth',
    .......
    ....... 
)

urls.py

from django.conf.urls.defaults import *
from django.conf import settings

urlpatterns = patterns('',
             url(r'^$', 'learn_django.views.home_page'),          
             url(r'^login/$', 'learn_django.views.login'),
             url(r'^logged_in$', 'learn_django.views.logged_in'),
             url(r'^logout/$', 'learn_django.views.logout'),
)


if settings.DEBUG:
    urlpatterns = patterns('',
    url(r'^media/(?P<path>.*)$', 'django.views.static.serve',{'document_root': settings.MEDIA_ROOT, 'show_indexes': True}),
) + urlpatterns

views.py

from django.shortcuts import render_to_response
from django.template import RequestContext

def home_page(request):
    return render_to_response("home_page.html")

def login(request):
    return render_to_response("login.html")

def logged_in(request):
    return render_to_response("logged_in.html",context_instance=RequestContext(request))

base.html

{% load staticfiles %}
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"> 
  <head>
    <link rel="stylesheet" href="{% static 'css/home_remaining.css' %}" type="text/css">
    <title>{% block title %}{% endblock %}</title>
  </head>
  <body>
   <header>
     <div class='header_div'>
       <div class="logout"><p id='logout'><a href="/logout" >Logout</a></p><div>
       <div class="login"><p id='login'> <a href="/login" >Login</a></p><div>
     </div>
   </header>
   <div class="body_content">
      {% block body %}{% endblock %}
   </div>
</body> 
</html>

login.html

{% extends 'base.html' %}
{% block title %}Login Page{% endblock %}
{% block body %}
  <div id='container'>
      <form action="/logged_in" method="POST">
         {% csrf_token %}
            <label for="name">Username:</label><input type="name">
            <label for="username">Password:</label><input type="password">
            <div id="lower">
                <input type="submit" value="Login">
            </div>
      </form> 
   </div>     
{% endblock %}

上面的代码展示了一个登录表单，当我们点击base.html中的登录链接时，会显示这个表单。

在登录表单显示后，我输入了一些用户名和密码，然后点击了登录按钮，结果出现了一个错误页面，提示csrf错误。

我在网上查了很多资料，并在表单标签内添加了{% csrf_token %}，还在settings.py的模板上下文处理器中添加了django.core.context_processors.csrf。

下面是错误信息的一部分：

Forbidden (403)
CSRF verification failed. Request aborted.
Help
Reason given for failure:
    CSRF cookie not set.

In general, this can occur when there is a genuine Cross Site Request Forgery, or when Django's CSRF mechanism has not been used correctly. For POST forms, you need to ensure:
Your browser is accepting cookies.
The view function uses RequestContext for the template, instead of Context.
In the template, there is a {% csrf_token %} template tag inside each POST form that targets an internal URL.
If you are not using CsrfViewMiddleware, then you must use csrf_protect on any views that use the csrf_token template tag, as well as those that accept the POST data.
You're seeing the help section of this page because you have DEBUG = True in your Django settings file. Change that to False, and only the initial error message will be displayed.
You can customize this page using the CSRF_FAILURE_VIEW setting.

当我从模板上下文处理器中移除django.core.context_processors.csrf后，程序正常工作了。但是我还是想使用csrf保护。

那么，以上的视图代码到底有什么问题，为什么会出现csrf错误页面？我该如何避免这个错误页面呢？

我是否需要在我的views.py函数中添加任何代码？

有没有人能在我的函数中添加基本的登录和登出功能代码，这样我就能更好地理解代码的实际操作……

编辑

针对上述问题，我导入了csrf_exempt函数，像这样：

from django.views.decorators.csrf import csrf_exempt

然后在logged_in视图前面加上这个装饰器，结果点击登录按钮时没有出现错误页面。

但我还是在想，为什么下面提到的方法，比如从模板发送Requestcontext，还是不管用呢？

django 装饰器模板上下文表单处理视图函数 csrf 登录功能 web安全

在Django 1.4.3中避免CSRF错误

编辑

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