使用Alembic修改枚举字段
我该如何在使用版本低于9.1的PostgreSQL时,在alembic迁移中向一个枚举字段添加元素?(因为9.1版本才支持对枚举类型进行ALTER TYPE操作)这个StackOverflow的问题解释了直接的操作过程,但我不太确定如何用alembic来实现。
这是我现在的代码:
new_type = sa.Enum('nonexistent_executable', 'output_limit_exceeded',
'signal', 'success', 'timed_out', name='status')
old_type = sa.Enum('nonexistent_executable', 'signal', 'success', 'timed_out',
name='status')
tcr = sa.sql.table('testcaseresult',
sa.Column('status', new_type, nullable=False))
def upgrade():
op.alter_column('testcaseresult', u'status', type_=new_type,
existing_type=old_type)
def downgrade():
op.execute(tcr.update().where(tcr.c.status==u'output_limit_exceeded')
.values(status='timed_out'))
op.alter_column('testcaseresult', u'status', type_=old_type,
existing_type=new_type)
不幸的是,升级后只会产生 ALTER TABLE testcaseresult ALTER COLUMN status TYPE status
这样的命令,这基本上是没有任何效果的。
16 个回答
31
我用了一种更简单的方法,步骤比被接受的答案少。我将这个例子中的枚举叫做 'status_enum',因为在被接受的答案中,'status' 这个词既用来指列又用来指枚举,让我有点困惑。
from alembic import op
import sqlalchemy as sa
name = 'status_enum'
tmp_name = 'tmp_' + name
old_options = ('nonexistent_executable', 'signal', 'success', 'timed_out')
new_options = sorted(old_options + ('output_limit_exceeded',))
new_type = sa.Enum(*new_options, name=name)
old_type = sa.Enum(*old_options, name=name)
tcr = sa.sql.table('testcaseresult',
sa.Column('status', new_type, nullable=False))
def upgrade():
op.execute('ALTER TYPE ' + name + ' RENAME TO ' + tmp_name)
new_type.create(op.get_bind())
op.execute('ALTER TABLE testcaseresult ALTER COLUMN status ' +
'TYPE ' + name + ' USING status::text::' + name)
op.execute('DROP TYPE ' + tmp_name)
def downgrade():
# Convert 'output_limit_exceeded' status into 'timed_out'
op.execute(tcr.update().where(tcr.c.status=='output_limit_exceeded')
.values(status='timed_out'))
op.execute('ALTER TYPE ' + name + ' RENAME TO ' + tmp_name)
old_type.create(op.get_bind())
op.execute('ALTER TABLE testcaseresult ALTER COLUMN status ' +
'TYPE ' + name + ' USING status::text::' + name)
op.execute('DROP TYPE ' + tmp_name)
35
这个代码运行得很顺利:
from alembic import op
def upgrade():
op.execute("ALTER TYPE enum_type ADD VALUE 'new_value'")
def downgrade():
...
82
我决定尽量直接按照Postgres的方法来操作,于是我写出了下面这个迁移代码。
from alembic import op
import sqlalchemy as sa
old_options = ('nonexistent_executable', 'signal', 'success', 'timed_out')
new_options = sorted(old_options + ('output_limit_exceeded',))
old_type = sa.Enum(*old_options, name='status')
new_type = sa.Enum(*new_options, name='status')
tmp_type = sa.Enum(*new_options, name='_status')
tcr = sa.sql.table('testcaseresult',
sa.Column('status', new_type, nullable=False))
def upgrade():
# Create a tempoary "_status" type, convert and drop the "old" type
tmp_type.create(op.get_bind(), checkfirst=False)
op.execute('ALTER TABLE testcaseresult ALTER COLUMN status TYPE _status'
' USING status::text::_status')
old_type.drop(op.get_bind(), checkfirst=False)
# Create and convert to the "new" status type
new_type.create(op.get_bind(), checkfirst=False)
op.execute('ALTER TABLE testcaseresult ALTER COLUMN status TYPE status'
' USING status::text::status')
tmp_type.drop(op.get_bind(), checkfirst=False)
def downgrade():
# Convert 'output_limit_exceeded' status into 'timed_out'
op.execute(tcr.update().where(tcr.c.status==u'output_limit_exceeded')
.values(status='timed_out'))
# Create a tempoary "_status" type, convert and drop the "new" type
tmp_type.create(op.get_bind(), checkfirst=False)
op.execute('ALTER TABLE testcaseresult ALTER COLUMN status TYPE _status'
' USING status::text::_status')
new_type.drop(op.get_bind(), checkfirst=False)
# Create and convert to the "old" status type
old_type.create(op.get_bind(), checkfirst=False)
op.execute('ALTER TABLE testcaseresult ALTER COLUMN status TYPE status'
' USING status::text::status')
tmp_type.drop(op.get_bind(), checkfirst=False)
看起来,alembic在它的alter_table
方法中并不直接支持USING
这个语句。