从Musicxml提取信息

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2 回答
4883 浏览
提问于 2025-04-17 14:11

我刚开始学习编程和Python,但我现在的研究主要是从musicxml文件中提取数据。我有一段音乐,想要找出这段音乐中出现的意外音符的数量,这些音符不属于调号的一部分。我不知道该怎么做,能不能请大家帮帮我?下面是我正在查看的musicxml文件中的一个小节的例子:

<measure number='19'>
        <print new-system='no'/>
        <note>
            <rest/>
            <duration>768</duration>
            <voice>1</voice>
            <type>quarter</type>
            <staff>1</staff>
        </note>
        <backup>
            <duration>768</duration>
        </backup>
        <note>
            <pitch>
                <step>E</step>
                <octave>4</octave>
            </pitch>
            <duration>2304</duration>
            <tie type='start'/>
            <voice>2</voice>
            <type>half</type>
            <dot/>
            <staff>1</staff>
            <notations>
                <tied type='start'/>
                <slur type='stop' number='1'/>
            </notations>
        </note>
        <backup>
            <duration>1536</duration>
        </backup>
        <note>
            <pitch>
                <step>E</step>
                <alter>3</alter>
                <octave>3</octave>
            </pitch>
            <duration>1536</duration>
            <voice>1</voice>
            <type>half</type>
            <staff>1</staff>
        </note>
        <note>
            <chord/>
            <pitch>
                <step>G</step>
                <alter>4</alter>
                <octave>3</octave>
            </pitch>
            <duration>1536</duration>
            <voice>1</voice>
            <type>half</type>
            <staff>1</staff>
        </note>
        <backup>
            <duration>2304</duration>
        </backup>
        <note>
            <pitch>
                <step>E</step>
                <octave>2</octave>
            </pitch>
            <duration>2304</duration>
            <voice>5</voice>
            <type>half</type>
            <dot/>
            <staff>2</staff>
        </note>
    </measure>

这个问题的意思是要在musicxml文件中搜索,并计算

<pitch>
   <step>*</step>
   <alter>**</alter>
       ...

出现的次数,其中 * 不是(F或C),同时还要找出 * 是F或C的次数,并且后面没有跟<alter>标签。

任何帮助或建议都非常感谢!

2 个回答

3

Python有一个叫做 xml.dom 的模块,这个模块可以让你快速浏览XML文件。如果你有过网页开发的经验,这个模块的用法和JavaScript中的文档对象模型(DOM)非常相似。

from xml.dom.minidom import parse, parseString

def get_step(note):
    stepNode = note.getElementsByTagName("step")[0]
    #get the text from the Text Node within the <step>,
    #and convert it from unicode to ascii
    return str(stepNode.childNodes[0].nodeValue)

def get_alter(note):
    alters = note.getElementsByTagName("alter")
    if len(alters) == 0:
        return None
    return alters[0]

def is_rest(note):
    return len(note.getElementsByTagName("rest")) > 0

def is_accidental(note):
    return get_alter(note) != None

dom = parse("data.xml")

notes = dom.getElementsByTagName("note")
#rests don't have steps or alters, so we don't care about them. Filter them out.
notes = filter(lambda note: not is_rest(note), notes)

#compile a list of notes of all accidentals (notes with <alter> tags)
accidentals = filter(is_accidental, notes)
#remove notes that are F or C
accidentals_that_are_not_f_or_c = filter(lambda note: get_step(note) not in ["F", "C"], accidentals)

#compile a list of notes that don't contain the alter tag
non_accidentals = filter(lambda note: not is_accidental(note), notes)
#remove notes that are not F or C
non_accidentals_that_are_f_or_c = filter(lambda note: get_step(note) in ["F", "C"], non_accidentals)

print "Accidental notes that are not F or C:"
if len(accidentals_that_are_not_f_or_c) == 0:
    print "(None found)"
else:
    for note in accidentals_that_are_not_f_or_c:
        print get_step(note)

print "Non-accidental notes that are F or C:"
if len(non_accidentals_that_are_f_or_c) == 0:
    print "(None found)"
else:
    for note in non_accidentals_that_are_f_or_c:
        print get_step(note), get_step(note) in ["F", "C"]

输出:

Accidental notes that are not F or C:
E
G
Non-accidental notes that are F or C:
(None found)
8

我对Python的细节不太了解,但我有两个关于MusicXML的建议:

1) 你的问题提到的是“变音符”,但你的代码却关注于“alter”元素。其实,alter元素是用来表示音高变化的,而变音符元素则是用来表示书写上的变音符。你到底想要哪个呢?在MusicXML中,声音和书写方式之间的这种区别是很常见的,理解这一点对于研究MusicXML文件非常重要。

2) 如果你是编程和Python的新手,我建议你使用一个专门为音乐学设计的高级工具包,它对MusicXML支持得很好。这样你可以把问题的复杂度降低,进展会更快。一个明显的选择是music21工具包,它也是用Python写的。你可以在这里找到更多信息:http://web.mit.edu/music21/

祝你的研究顺利!

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