如何用Python Nose测试自定义异常和消息

2 投票
2 回答
3952 浏览
提问于 2025-04-17 13:27

我自定义的异常类:

class MyCustomException(Exception):
    pass

class MyCustomRestException(MyCustomException):

    def __init__(self, status, uri, msg=""):
        self.uri = uri
        self.status = status
        self.msg = msg
        super(MyCustomException, self).__init__(msg)

    def __str__(self):
        return "HTTP ERROR %s: %s \n %s" % (self.status, self.msg, self.uri)

我的测试

# note: @raises(MyCustomRestException) works by itself
@raises(MyCustomRestException, 'HTTP ERROR 403: Invalid User')
def test_bad_token():
    sc = SomeClass('xxx', account_number)
    result = ec.method_that_generates_exception()

这是nose返回的结果

12:52:13 ~/sandbox/ec$ nosetests -v
Failure: AttributeError ('str' object has no attribute '__name__') ... ERROR

======================================================================
ERROR: Failure: AttributeError ('str' object has no attribute '__name__')
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/nose/loader.py", line 390, in loadTestsFromName
    addr.filename, addr.module)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/nose/importer.py", line 39, in importFromPath
    return self.importFromDir(dir_path, fqname)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/nose/importer.py", line 86, in importFromDir
    mod = load_module(part_fqname, fh, filename, desc)
  File "/ec/tests/my_client_tests.py", line 16, in <module>
    @raises(MyCustomRestException, 'HTTP ERROR 403: Invalid User')
  File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/nose/tools/nontrivial.py", line 55, in raises
    valid = ' or '.join([e.__name__ for e in exceptions])
AttributeError: 'str' object has no attribute '__name__'

----------------------------------------------------------------------
Ran 1 test in 0.012s

FAILED (errors=1)

那么……

我有两个问题:

  • 我该如何修复这个错误?
  • 我该如何测试(单独测试或一起测试):
    • 异常类型
    • 异常状态
    • 异常URI
    • 异常消息

解决方案:在alynna的帮助下(如下)

这个方法很好用。

def test_bad_token():
    sc = SomeClass('xxx', account_number)

    with assert_raises(MyCustomRestException) as e:
        sc.method_that_generates_exception()

    assert_equal(e.exception.status, 403)
    assert_equal(e.exception.msg, 'Invalid User')

2 个回答

1

Nose的@raises装饰器只能检查异常的类型,不能检查其他的东西。如果你传入更多的参数,意味着你想允许更多类型的异常被视为有效的。这时候,Nose会把你传入的字符串当作异常来处理,但找不到它的__name__属性。(具体可以参考文档

要解决这个问题,你可以为你的自定义异常实现一个额外的装饰器,像这样:

from nose.tools import eq_
from functools import wraps

def raises_custom(status=None, uri=None, msg=None):
    assert status or uri or msg, 'You need to pass either status, uri, or msg'
    def decorator(function):
        @wraps(function)
        def wrapper(*args, **kwargs):
            try:
                function(*args, **kwargs)
            except MyCustomException, e:
                def check(value, name):
                    if value:
                        eq_(getattr(exception, name), value)
                check(status, 'status')
                check(uri, 'uri')
                check(msg, 'msg')
            except:
                raise
            else:
                message = "%{} did not raise MyCustomException".format(\
                    function.__name__)
                raise AssertionError(message)
        return wrapper
    return decorator

然后你可以像这样使用它:@raises_custom(msg="HTTP ERROR 403: Invalid User")

(我没有测试上面的代码,只是想给出一个大概的样子)

更新:使用assertRaises,正如alynna所建议的,可能会更简洁一些。特别是如果你能明确指出异常应该发生的具体位置,那样会更好,而不是把整个函数都用装饰器包裹起来。

2

我觉得你的问题在于,@raises 装饰器的参数应该都是异常类。你可以查看这个链接了解更多:https://nose.readthedocs.org/en/latest/testing_tools.html#nose.tools.raises

你可能更想用 assertRaises。文档里有说明它是用来测试异常的额外属性的,具体可以看这里:http://docs.python.org/2/library/unittest.html#unittest.TestCase.assertRaises

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