Python中的正则表达式:是否可以获取匹配、替换和最终字符串?
在进行正则表达式替换时,你需要提供三样东西:
- 匹配的模式
- 替换的内容
- 原始字符串
正则引擎会找到三样我感兴趣的东西:
- 匹配到的 字符串
- 替换用的 字符串
- 最终处理后的字符串
使用 re.sub
时,最终的字符串就是返回的结果。但我能不能获取到另外两个东西,也就是匹配到的字符串和替换用的字符串呢?
这里有个例子:
orig = "This is the original string."
matchpat = "(orig.*?l)"
replacepat = "not the \\1"
final = re.sub(matchpat, replacepat, orig)
print(final)
# This is the not the original string
匹配的字符串是 "original"
,而替换的字符串是 "not the original"
。有没有办法获取到这两个呢?我正在写一个脚本,用来在很多文件中搜索和替换,我希望它能打印出找到的内容和替换的内容,而不是打印整行。
2 个回答
10
我查看了文档,发现可以把一个函数的引用传递给 re.sub
:
import re
def re_sub_verbose(pattern, replace, string):
def substitute(match):
print 'Matched:', match.group(0)
print 'Replacing with:', match.expand(replace)
return match.expand(replace)
result = re.sub(pattern, substitute, string)
print 'Final string:', result
return result
当我运行 re_sub_verbose("(orig.*?l)", "not the \\1", "This is the original string.")
时,得到了这个输出:
Matched: original
Replacing with: not the original
This is the not the original string.
29
class Replacement(object):
def __init__(self, replacement):
self.replacement = replacement
self.matched = None
self.replaced = None
def __call__(self, match):
self.matched = match.group(0)
self.replaced = match.expand(self.replacement)
return self.replaced
>>> repl = Replacement('not the \\1')
>>> re.sub('(orig.*?l)', repl, 'This is the original string.')
'This is the not the original string.'
>>> repl.matched
'original'
>>> repl.replaced
'not the original'
编辑:正如@F.J指出的,上面的内容只会记住最后一次匹配和替换。这一版本可以处理多个出现的情况:
class Replacement(object):
def __init__(self, replacement):
self.replacement = replacement
self.occurrences = []
def __call__(self, match):
matched = match.group(0)
replaced = match.expand(self.replacement)
self.occurrences.append((matched, replaced))
return replaced
>>> repl = Replacement('[\\1]')
>>> re.sub('\s(\d)', repl, '1 2 3')
'1[2][3]'
>>> for matched, replaced in repl.occurrences:
....: print matched, '=>', replaced
....:
2 => [2]
3 => [3]