树模型的迭代打印

0 投票
2 回答
568 浏览
提问于 2025-04-17 10:35

我有一个像这样的节点树:

class Node:
    next        # the next node or None
    prev        # the previous node or None
    parent      # the parent or None
    children[]  # ordered list of child nodes
    columns[]   # a list of data. Currently only holdt the 
                # string representation of the node in the model.

因为我事先无法知道模型有多大,所以我得出结论,递归的方法不适合我。我想尽量减少内存中保留的节点数量。我的方法应该打印出这样的内容:

- 0
-- 0:0
--- 0:0:0
--- 0:0:1
---- 0:0:1:0
---- 0:0:1:1
--- 0:0:2
-- 0:1
- 1

但实际上它打印的是:

- 0
-- 0:0
-- 0:1
-- 0
- 1
--- 0:0:0
--- 0:0:1
--- 0:0:2
-- 0:1
-- 0
- 1
--- 0:0:1
---- 0:0:1:0
---- 0:0:1:1
--- 0:0:2
-- 0
---- 0:0:1:0
---- 0:0:1:1
--- 0:0:2
---- 0:0:1:1
---- 0:0:1:1

这是我写的代码:

def print_tree(from_path):
    nodelist = []
    root_node = model.get_iter(from_path)
    nodelist.append((root_node, 0)) # the second item in the tuple is the indentation

    while nodelist:
        node = nodelist[0][0]
        indent = nodelist[0][1]
        del(nodelist[0])
        print("{0} {1}".format("-" * indent, node.columns[0])) 

        if node.children:
            child = node.children[0]
            nodelist.append((child, indent +1))

            while child.next:
                nodelist.append((child.next, indent +1))
                child = child.next
        if node.next:
            next = node.next
            nodelist.append((next, indent))

任何帮助都非常感谢。

2 个回答

2

正如mgibsonbr提到的,由于你存储了一个父节点的指针,所以可以通过跟踪当前节点(以及它的缩进)来以迭代的方式完成这个任务。

def print_tree(from_path):

    node, indent = model.get_iter(from_path), 0

    while node:

        if indent:           # don't print the root
            print "-" * indent, node.columns[0]

        if node.children:    # walk to first child before walking to next sibling
            node = node.children[0]
            indent += 1
        elif node.next:      # no children, walk to next sibling if there is one
            node = node.next
        else:
            # no children, no more siblings: find closet ancestor w/ more siblings
            # (note that this might not be the current node's immediate parent)
            while node and not node.next:
                node = node.parent
                indent -= 1
            node = node and node.next            

你可以通过把print这一行替换成yield indent, node来将其变成一个生成器。

为了调试这个,我需要模拟一些测试数据。这是我准备的,如果其他人也想试试的话。 我把根节点当作不能有兄弟节点(其实它是可以有一个next的,并且在columns中存储数据,但那样的话,你的缩进就应该从1开始)。

class Node(object):
    def __init__(self, parent=None, sib=None, value=""):
        self.parent   = parent
        self.prev     = sib
        self.next     = None
        self.children = []
        self.columns  = [str(value)]
    def child(self, value):
        child = Node(self, None, value)
        if self.children:
            self.children[-1].next = child
            child.prev = self.children[-1]
        self.children.append(child)
        return child
    def sib(self, value):
        return self.parent.child(value)

class model(object):
    @staticmethod
    def get_iter(_):

        root = Node()

        root.child("0").child("0:0").child("0:0:0").sib("0:0:1") \
            .child("0:0:1:0").sib("0:0:1:0").parent.sib("0:0:2")
        root.children[0].child("0:1").parent.sib("1")

        return root
2

因为每个节点都有指向它父节点的链接,所以我觉得你可以在遍历整个树的时候,只用记住一个节点。对于你的代码,我有点难以理解(特别是每个节点是如何加载到内存中的),所以我会用伪代码来给出我的建议:

def visit(node,indent):
    # Load your node data
    print("{0} {1}".format("-" * indent, node.columns[0])) # Do something with your data
    # Unload your node data
    if len(node.children) > 0 :
        return (node.children[0], indent+1) # Visit the first child, if there is one
    while node.next is None: # If no sibling, your parent is done
        node = node.parent
        indent -= 1
        if node is None: # Root node reached, end the traversal
            return None
    return (node.next, indent) # Visit your next sibling, if there is one

cursor = (root_node, 0)
while cursor is not None:
    cursor = visit(*cursor)

如果节点本身需要动态加载(也就是说,nextprevparentchildren 只是包含指向其他节点数据的路径,而不是指向 Node 对象的引用),告诉我,我会更新这个回答(只需要稍微调整一下加载和卸载的位置)。当然,如果卸载只是把对象留给垃圾回收器处理,那就更简单了……

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