python，将所有文件从第三、第四、第五层移动到第二层目录树

Question

我知道我们有一个叫做 os.walk 的工具，但我不知道怎么用它来实现我想要的功能。

假设我在一个 Ubuntu Linux 系统上有以下的文件夹结构：

Maindir (as root called by script)
 +- subdir-one
 |   +-subdir-two
 |     +-file
 |     +-another file
 |     +-subdir-three
 |       +-file3
 |       +-file4
 |       +-subdir-four
 |         +- file5
 |         +- file6
 +- subdir-two
 +- subdir-three
 |   +-sub-subdir-two
 |     +-file
 |     +-another file
 |     +-subdir-three
 |       +-file3
 |       +-file4
 |       +-subdir-four
 |         +-file5
 |         +-file6
 +-subdir-four
   +-subdir-two
     +-file
     +-another file
     +-subdir-three
       +-file3
       +-file4
       +-subdir-four
         +-file5
         +-file6

我想把所有子文件夹里的文件移动到第二层的子文件夹里，而不是移动到根目录。

以 subdir-one 为例：把 subdir-four 里的所有文件（在这个例子中是 file5 和 file6）移动到 subdir-one；再把 subdir-three 里的所有文件（在这个例子中是 file3 和 file4）也移动到 subdir-one。

subdir-two 没有其他子文件夹，所以可以在脚本中跳过它。

对于 subdir-three：把 sub-subdir-two、subdir-three 和 subdir-four 里的所有文件都移动到 subdir-three。

我想你明白我的意思了。如果文件名相同，覆盖也没关系，反正它们是重复的，这也是我想运行这个清理脚本的原因之一。

当所有文件都从子文件夹中移动后，这些子文件夹就会变空，所以我也想把这些空的子文件夹删除掉。

更新于 2012 年 1 月 14 日：这是 jcollado 提供的修改后的代码，但仍然无法正常工作。顺便提一下，我还需要过滤一些文件夹名称。这些文件夹名称在目录树中出现时需要被排除在处理之外。

我稍微修改过的代码：

    import os, sys

    def main():

    try:
     main_dir = sys.argv[1]
     print main_dir
     # Get a list of all subdirectories of main_dir
     subdirs = filter(os.path.isdir,
             [os.path.join(main_dir, path)
              for path in os.listdir(main_dir)])
print subdirs
# For all subdirectories,
# collect all files and all subdirectories recursively

for subdir in subdirs:
 files_to_move = []
 subdirs_to_remove = []
 for dirpath, dirnames, filenames in os.walk(subdir):
  files_to_move.extend([os.path.join(dirpath, filename)
                        for filename in filenames])
  subdirs_to_remove.extend([os.path.join(dirpath, dirname)
                        for dirname in dirnames])

                            # To move files, just rename them replacing the original directory
                            # with the target directory (subdir in this case)
print files_to_move
print subdirs_to_remove
for filename in files_to_move:
                              source = filename
                              destination = os.path.join(subdir, os.path.basename(filename))
                              print 'Destination ='+destination

                              if source != destination:
                                   os.rename(source, destination)
                              else:
                                print 'Rename cancelled, source and destination were the same'


                                  # Reverse subdirectories order to remove them
                                  # starting from the lower level in the tree hierarchy
                              subdirs_to_remove.reverse()

                                      # Remove subdirectories
for dirname in subdirs_to_remove:
                                        #os.rmdir(dirname)
                                        print dirname

except ValueError:
  print 'Please supply the path name on the command line'

 if __name__ == '__main__':
   main()

Answer 1

我想要的东西如下：

import os

main_dir = 'main'

# Get a list of all subdirectories of main_dir
subdirs = filter(os.path.isdir,
                 [os.path.join(main_dir, path)
                  for path in os.listdir(main_dir)])

# For all subdirectories,
# collect all files and all subdirectories recursively
for subdir in subdirs:
  files_to_move = []
  subdirs_to_remove = []
  for dirpath, dirnames, filenames in os.walk(subdir):
    files_to_move.extend([os.path.join(dirpath, filename)
                          for filename in filenames])
    subdirs_to_remove.extend([os.path.join(dirpath, dirname)
                              for dirname in dirnames])

  # To move files, just rename them replacing the original directory
  # with the target directory (subdir in this case)
  for filename in files_to_move:
    source = filename
    destination = os.path.join(subdir, os.path.basename(filename))
    os.rename(source, destination)

  # Reverse subdirectories order to remove them
  # starting from the lower level in the tree hierarchy
  subdirs_to_remove.reverse()

  # Remove subdirectories
  for dirname in subdirs_to_remove:
    os.rmdir(dirname)

注意：你可以把这个变成一个函数，只需把 main_dir 作为参数传入就可以了。