如何将变量赋值为对象名称?
我尝试了以下代码,其中“objectname”包含一个字符串名称,用于在创建对象时进行赋值。
for record in result:
objectname = 'Customer' + str(record[0])
print objectname
customername = str(record[1])
objectname = Customer(customername)
这里的 Customer 是一个类。
在我的测试中,这个循环运行了两次,打印出“objectname”为 Customer1 和 Customer2,但实际上只创建了两个对象,而这两个对象的名字都是“objectname”(每次循环都会覆盖之前的),而不是两个独特的对象 Customer1 或 Customer2。
这只是没有在变量中赋值字符串(customer1,2),而是纯粹使用了变量的名字。
我尝试将字符串赋值给对象名称,但那样会出现语法错误。
这肯定是经常需要做的事情,提前感谢你的帮助。
3 个回答
1
你需要的是一个字典:
customers = {}
for record in result:
objectname = 'Customer' + str(record[0])
customers[customername] = Customer(str(record[1])) #assignment to dictionary
6
一般来说,动态生成变量名并不是特别有用。我更推荐像Niclas的回答那样的方法。不过,如果你确实想要这样做,下面是实现的方法:
for record in result:
objectname = 'Customer' + str(record[0])
print objectname
customername = str(record[1])
exec '%s = Customer(%r)' % (customername, customername)
这样做会在最里面的作用域中添加变量 Customer1
和 Customer2
,就像你执行了以下几行代码一样:
Customer1 = Customer('Customer1')
Customer2 = Customer('Customer2')
用这种方式时,你需要确保 customername
是一个有效的Python标识符。
6
与其为每个客户都用一个新的变量,不如把你的对象存储在一个Python字典里:
d = dict()
for record in result:
objectname = 'Customer' + str(record[0])
customername = str(record[1])
d[objectname] = Customer(customername)
print d
一个存储在字典中的对象示例
我忍不住写了一些代码(比我原本计划的多)。这就像上瘾一样。总之,我不会用对象来做这种工作。我可能会使用一个sqlite数据库(如果你想的话,可以保存在内存中)。不过这段代码希望能给你展示一下,如何利用字典来保存客户数据的对象:
# Initiate customer dictionary
customers = dict()
class Customer:
def __init__(self, fname, lname):
self.fname = fname
self.lname = lname
self.address = None
self.zip = None
self.state = None
self.city = None
self.phone = None
def add_address(self, address, zp, state, city):
self.address = address
self.zip = zp
self.state = state
self.city = city
def add_phone(self, number):
self.phone = number
# Observe that these functions are not belonging to the class.
def _print_layout(object):
print object.fname, object.lname
print '==========================='
print 'ADDRESS:'
print object.address
print object.zip
print object.state
print object.city
print '\nPHONE:'
print object.phone
print '\n'
def print_customer(customer_name):
_print_layout(customers[customer_name])
def print_customers():
for customer_name in customers.iterkeys():
_print_layout(customers[customer_name])
if __name__ == '__main__':
# Add some customers to dictionary:
customers['Steve'] = Customer('Steve', 'Jobs')
customers['Niclas'] = Customer('Niclas', 'Nilsson')
# Add some more data
customers['Niclas'].add_address('Some road', '12312', 'WeDon\'tHaveStates', 'Hultsfred')
customers['Steve'].add_phone('123-543 234')
# Search one customer and print him
print 'Here are one customer searched:'
print 'ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo'
print_customer('Niclas')
# Print all the customers nicely
print '\n\nHere are all customers'
print 'oooooooooooooooooooooo'
print_customers()