LXML,如何将多个属性集转换为列表

3 投票
3 回答
5639 浏览
提问于 2025-04-17 09:15

我遇到了一个类似的问题:

如何在XML文档中使用XPath选择多个属性集?

我的XML数据看起来是这样的:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<Basic>
    <Segment>
        <Sample value="12" data2="25" data3="23"/>
        <Sample value="13" data2="0" data3="323"/>
        <Sample value="14" data2="2" data3="3"/>
    </Segment>
</Basic>

用Python最简单的方法是什么,能把这些 datax 的值提取到列表里。

比如说: data2 = ['25','0','2']

3 个回答

0

这里讲的是如何使用标准库中的 cElementTree

import sys
from collections import defaultdict
from xml.etree import cElementTree as etree

d = defaultdict(list)
for ev, el in etree.iterparse(sys.stdin):
    if el.tag == 'Sample':
       for name in "value data2 data3".split():
           d[name].append(el.get(name))
print(d)

输出结果

{'data2': ['25', '0', '2'],
 'data3': ['23', '323', '3'],
 'value': ['12', '13', '14']}

如果你使用的是 lxml.etree,那么你可以这样做:etree.iterparse(file, tag='Sample'),这样就能直接选择 Sample 这个元素了。也就是说,你可以省去 if el.tag == 'Sample' 这个判断条件。

1

获取属性值最简单的方法是使用 etree.Element.get('属性名'):

from lxml import etree

s = '''<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<Basic>
    <Segment>
        <Sample value="12" data2="25" data3="23"/>
        <Sample value="13" data2="0" data3="323"/>
        <Sample value="14" data2="2" data3="3"/>
    </Segment>
</Basic>'''

# ❗️for python2
# tree = etree.fromstring(s)

# ❗️for python3
tree = etree.fromstring(s.encode("utf-8"))

samples = tree.xpath('//Sample')

print([sample.get('data2') for sample in samples])
>>> ['25', '0', '2']
5

使用xpath:

from lxml import etree
from collections import defaultdict
from pprint import pprint

doc="""<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<Basic>
    <Segment>
        <Sample value="12" data2="25" data3="23"/>
        <Sample value="13" data2="0" data3="323"/>
        <Sample value="14" data2="2" data3="3"/>
    </Segment>
</Basic>
"""
el = etree.fromstring(doc)
data2 = el.xpath('//@data2')
dataX = el.xpath('//@*[starts-with(name(), "data")]')
print data2
print dataX

# With iteration over Sample elements, like in J.F. Sebastian answer, but with XPath
d = defaultdict(list)
for sample in el.xpath('//Sample'):
    for attr_name, attr_value in sample.items():
        d[attr_name].append(attr_value)

pprint(dict(d))

输出结果:

['25', '0', '2']
['25', '23', '0', '323', '2', '3']
{'data2': ['25', '0', '2'],
 'data3': ['23', '323', '3'],
 'value': ['12', '13', '14']}

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