如何在Python中将ASCII字符转换为全角拉丁字母？

Question

你能轻松地在ASCII字符和它们的亚洲全角Unicode字符之间转换吗？

比如：

0123456789abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ!"#$%&()*+,-./:;<=>?@[\\]^_`{|}~

转换成

０１２３４５６７８９ａｂｃｄｅｆｇｈｉｊｋｌｍｎｏｐｑｒｓｔｕｖｗｘｙｚＡＢＣＤＥＦＧＨＩＪＫＬＭＮＯＰＱＲＳＴＵＶＷＸＹＺ！゛＃＄％＆（）＊＋、ー。／：；〈＝＝〉？＠［\\］＾＿‘｛｜｝～

Answer 1

是的。

>>> normal = u' 0123456789abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ!"#$%&()*+,-./:;<=>?@[\\]^_`{|}~'
>>> wide = u'　０１２３４５６７８９ａｂｃｄｅｆｇｈｉｊｋｌｍｎｏｐｑｒｓｔｕｖｗｘｙｚＡＢＣＤＥＦＧＨＩＪＫＬＭＮＯＰＱＲＳＴＵＶＷＸＹＺ！゛＃＄％＆（）＊＋、ー。／：；〈＝〉？＠［\\］＾＿‘｛｜｝～'
>>> widemap = dict((ord(x[0]), x[1]) for x in zip(normal, wide))
>>> print u'Hello, world!'.translate(widemap)
Ｈｅｌｌｏ、　ｗｏｒｌｄ！

Answer 2

全角ASCII字符的范围是从U+FF01开始的，而不是U+FF00。U+FF00这个字符（奇怪的是）并没有被定义。如果你想要一个全角的空格，你需要使用U+3000这个字符，叫做“汉字空格”。不要仅仅依靠你输入的字符看起来像你想要的，然后再用肉眼检查这些字符是否正确——unicodedata.name这个工具会对你很有帮助。运行下面的代码：

# coding: utf-8
from unicodedata import name as ucname

# OP
normal = u"""0123456789abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ!"#$%&()*+,-./:;<=>?@[\\]^_`{|}~"""
wide = u"""０１２３４５６７８９ａｂｃｄｅｆｇｈｉｊｋｌｍｎｏｐｑｒｓｔｕｖｗｘｙｚＡＢＣＤＥＦＧＨＩＪＫＬＭＮＯＰＱＲＳＴＵＶＷＸＹＺ！゛＃＄％＆（）＊＋、ー。／：；〈＝〉？＠［\\］＾＿‘｛｜｝～"""
# above after editing (had = twice)
widemapOP = dict((ord(x[0]), x[1]) for x in zip(normal, wide))

# Ingacio V
normal = u' 0123456789abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ!"#$%&()*+,-./:;<=>?@[\\]^_`{|}~'
wide = u'　０１２３４５６７８９ａｂｃｄｅｆｇｈｉｊｋｌｍｎｏｐｑｒｓｔｕｖｗｘｙｚＡＢＣＤＥＦＧＨＩＪＫＬＭＮＯＰＱＲＳＴＵＶＷＸＹＺ！゛＃＄％＆（）＊＋、ー。／：；〈＝〉？＠［\\］＾＿‘｛｜｝～'
widemapIV = dict((ord(x[0]), x[1]) for x in zip(normal, wide))

# JM
widemapJM = dict((i, i + 0xFF00 - 0x20) for i in xrange(0x21, 0x7F))
widemapJM[0x20] = 0x3000 # IDEOGRAPHIC SPACE

maps = {'OP': widemapOP, 'IV': widemapIV, 'JM': widemapJM}.items()

for i in xrange(0x20, 0x7F):
    a = unichr(i)
    na = ucname(a, '?')
    for tag, widemap in maps:
        w = a.translate(widemap)
        nw = ucname(w, '?')
        if nw != "FULLWIDTH " + na:
            print "%s: %04X %s => %04X %s" % (tag, i, na, ord(w), nw)

可以显示你实际上得到了什么：有些映射缺失，还有一些是比较奇怪的映射：

JM: 0020 SPACE => 3000 IDEOGRAPHIC SPACE
IV: 0020 SPACE => 3000 IDEOGRAPHIC SPACE
OP: 0020 SPACE => 0020 SPACE
IV: 0022 QUOTATION MARK => 309B KATAKANA-HIRAGANA VOICED SOUND MARK
OP: 0022 QUOTATION MARK => 309B KATAKANA-HIRAGANA VOICED SOUND MARK
IV: 0027 APOSTROPHE => 0027 APOSTROPHE
OP: 0027 APOSTROPHE => 0027 APOSTROPHE
IV: 002C COMMA => 3001 IDEOGRAPHIC COMMA
OP: 002C COMMA => 3001 IDEOGRAPHIC COMMA
IV: 002D HYPHEN-MINUS => 30FC KATAKANA-HIRAGANA PROLONGED SOUND MARK
OP: 002D HYPHEN-MINUS => 30FC KATAKANA-HIRAGANA PROLONGED SOUND MARK
IV: 002E FULL STOP => 3002 IDEOGRAPHIC FULL STOP
OP: 002E FULL STOP => 3002 IDEOGRAPHIC FULL STOP
IV: 003C LESS-THAN SIGN => 3008 LEFT ANGLE BRACKET
OP: 003C LESS-THAN SIGN => 3008 LEFT ANGLE BRACKET
IV: 003E GREATER-THAN SIGN => 3009 RIGHT ANGLE BRACKET
OP: 003E GREATER-THAN SIGN => 3009 RIGHT ANGLE BRACKET
IV: 005C REVERSE SOLIDUS => 005C REVERSE SOLIDUS
OP: 005C REVERSE SOLIDUS => 005C REVERSE SOLIDUS
IV: 0060 GRAVE ACCENT => 2018 LEFT SINGLE QUOTATION MARK
OP: 0060 GRAVE ACCENT => 2018 LEFT SINGLE QUOTATION MARK

Answer 3

这些“宽”字符被称为 全角拉丁字母：http://www.unicodemap.org/range/87/Halfwidth%20and%20Fullwidth%20Forms/

它们的范围是 0xFF00 到 0xFFEF。你可以制作一个查找表，或者直接在 ASCII 码上加上 0xFEE0。