zipfile的__enter__和__exit__定义在哪里?

3 投票
4 回答
1339 浏览
提问于 2025-04-17 03:59

根据with语句的内容:

  • 上下文管理器的__exit__()方法会被加载,以便后续使用。
  • 上下文管理器的__enter__()方法会被调用。

我看到过一个使用with的例子,涉及到zipfile模块。

问题> 我查看了zipfile的源代码,路径在这里:

/usr/lib/python2.6/zipfile.py

我不知道__enter____exit__这两个函数是在哪里定义的?

谢谢

4 个回答

2

这是一个使用对象类创建类的例子:

class ZipExtractor(object): # Create class that can only extract zip files
  def __init__(self, path): # Initial part
    import zipfile # Import old zipfile
    self.Path = path # To make path available to all class
    try: open(self.Path, 'rb') # To check whether file exists
    except IOError: print('File doesn\'t exist') # Catch error and print it
    else: # If file can be opened
      with open(self.Path, 'rb') as temp:
        self.Header = temp.read(4) # Read first 4 bytes
        if self.Header != '\x50\x4B\x03\x04':
          print('Your file is not a zip archive!')
        else: self.ZipObject = zipfile.ZipFile(self.Path, 'r')

  def __enter__(self): # On entering...
    return(self) # Return object created in __init__ part
  def __exit__(self, exc_type, exc_val, exc_tb): # On exiting...
    self.close() # Use close method of our class

  def SuperExtract(member=None, path=None):
    '''Used to extract files from zip archive. If arg 'member'
    was not set, extract all files. If path was set, extract file(s)
    to selected folder.'''
    print('Extracting ZIP archive %s' % self.Path) # Print path of zip
    print('Archive has header %s' % self.Header) # Print header of zip
    if filename=None:
      self.ZipObject.extractall(path) # Extract all if member was not set
    else:
      self.ZipObject.extract(mamber, path) # Else extract selected file

  def close(self): # To close our file
    self.ZipObject.close()

用法:

with ZipExtractor('/path/to/zip') as zfile:
  zfile.SuperExtract('file') # Extract file to current dir
  zfile.SuperExtract(None, path='/your/folder') # Extract all to selected dir

# another way
zfile = ZipExtractor('/path/to/zip')
zfile.SuperExtract('file')
zfile.close() # Don't forget that line to clear memory

如果你运行 'help(ZipExtractor)',你会看到五个方法:

__init__, __enter__, __exit__, close, SuperExtract

希望我能帮到你。我没有测试过,所以你可能需要对它进行改进。

9

zipfile.ZipFile 在 2.6 版本中不是一个上下文管理器,这个功能是在 2.7 版本中添加的。

4

我把这个作为另一个答案,因为它通常不是对最初问题的回答。不过,它可以帮助你解决问题。

class MyZipFile(zipfile.ZipFile): # Create class based on zipfile.ZipFile
  def __init__(file, mode='r'): # Initial part of our module
    zipfile.ZipFile.__init__(file, mode) # Create ZipFile object

  def __enter__(self): # On entering...
    return(self) # Return object created in __init__ part
  def __exit__(self, exc_type, exc_val, exc_tb): # On exiting...
    self.close() # Use close method of zipfile.ZipFile

用法:

with MyZipFile('new.zip', 'w') as tempzip: # Use content manager of MyZipFile
  tempzip.write('sbdtools.py') # Write file to our archive

如果你输入

help(MyZipFile)

你可以看到原始的 zipfile.ZipFile 的所有方法,还有你自己定义的方法:initenterexit。如果你想的话,还可以添加其他自己的函数。祝你好运!

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