支持多通道订阅者的Python可观察实现
在我的一个复杂应用中，有一系列的资源控制器/管理类，它们通过可观察者模式进行互动。一般来说，大多数观察者会订阅一个特定的频道（比如“foo.bar.entity2”），但有一些情况我希望能知道某个特定频道下的所有事件（比如“foo.*”）。为此，我写了如下的代码：
from collections import defaultdict
class SimplePubSub(object):
def __init__(self):
self.subjects = defaultdict(list)
def subscribe(self, subject, callbackstr):
"""
for brevity, callbackstr would be a valid Python function or bound method but here is just a string
"""
self.subjects[subject].append(callbackstr)
def fire(self, subject):
"""
Again for brevity, fire would have *args, **kwargs or some other additional message arguments but not here
"""
if subject in self.subjects:
print "Firing callback %s" % subject
for callback in self.subjects[subject]:
print "callback %s" % callback
pubSub = SimplePubSub()
pubSub.subscribe('foo.bar', "foo.bar1")
pubSub.subscribe('foo.foo', "foo.foo1")
pubSub.subscribe('foo.ich.tier1', "foo.ich.tier3_1")
pubSub.subscribe('foo.ich.tier2', "foo.ich.tier2_1")
pubSub.subscribe('foo.ich.tier3', "foo.ich.tier2_1")
#Find everything that starts with foo
#say foo.bar is fired
firedSubject = "foo.bar"
pubSub.fire(firedSubject)
#outputs
#>>Firing callback foo.bar
#>>callback foo.bar1
#but let's say I want to add a callback for everything undr foo.ich
class GlobalPubSub(SimplePubSub):
def __init__(self):
self.globals = defaultdict(list)
super(GlobalPubSub, self).__init__()
def subscribe(self, subject, callback):
if subject.find("*") > -1:
#assumes global suscriptions would be like subject.foo.* and we want to catch all subject.foo's
self.globals[subject[:-2]].append(callback)
else:
super(GlobalPubSub, self).subscribe(subject, callback)
def fire(self, subject):
super(GlobalPubSub, self).fire(subject)
if self.globals:
for key in self.globals.iterkeys():
if subject.startswith(key):
for callback in self.globals[key]:
print "global callback says", callback
print "Now with global subscriptions"
print
pubSub = GlobalPubSub()
pubSub.subscribe('foo.bar', "foo.bar1")
pubSub.subscribe('foo.foo', "foo.foo1")
pubSub.subscribe('foo.ich.tier1', "foo.ich.tier3_1")
pubSub.subscribe('foo.ich.tier2', "foo.ich.tier2_1")
pubSub.subscribe('foo.ich.tier3', "foo.ich.tier2_1")
pubSub.subscribe("foo.ich.*", "All the ichs, all the time!")
#Find everything that starts with foo.ich
firedSubject = "foo.ich.tier2"
pubSub.fire(firedSubject)
#outputs
#>>Firing callback foo.bar
#>>callback foo.bar1
#>>Now with global subscriptions
#
#>>Firing callback foo.ich.tier2
#>>callback foo.ich.tier2_1
#>>global callback says All the ichs, all the time!
这样做是否已经足够好，还是说我需要使用一些更复杂的结构（比如尝试使用某种特殊的构造）？我希望能得到确认，看看我是否走在正确的路上，或者有没有更好的建议，关于一个纯Python的全局订阅处理器（不使用外部库或服务）。