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将pysnmp数值OID输出转换为符号名称

3 投票
2 回答
5904 浏览
提问于 2025-04-17 02:36

我写了一个脚本（见下文），想测试一下我在某个应用中使用 pysnmp 的能力。我需要能够用像 ifDescr 这样的名字来查询网络设备，并且我的输出需要能引用我查询时用的同样名字...

from pysnmp.smi import builder, view, error
from pysnmp.entity.rfc3413.oneliner import cmdgen

cmdGen = cmdgen.CommandGenerator()
mibBuilder = builder.MibBuilder()
mibPath = mibBuilder.getMibPath() + ('/opt/python/Models/Network/MIBs',)
mibBuilder.setMibPath(*mibPath)
mibBuilder.loadModules(
    'RFC-1213',
    )
mibView = view.MibViewController(mibBuilder)
errorIndication, errorStatus, errorIndex, \
                 varBindTable = cmdGen.nextCmd(
    # SNMP v2
    cmdgen.CommunityData('test-agent', 'public'),
    # Transport
    cmdgen.UdpTransportTarget(('192.168.56.131', 161)),
    (('', 'ifDescr'),),
    )

print varBindTable

问题

当我执行这段代码时，pysnmp 能正确识别我本地定义的 RFC-1213.py 中的 ifDescr；但是，pysnmp 在输出中没有把 mib OID 转换成像 ifDescr 这样的名字...

问题

我该如何让 pysnmp 输出 ObjectName() 实例为 ObjectName(ifDescr.1)，而不是 ObjectName(1.3.6.1.2.1.2.2.1.2.1)？

[
[(ObjectName(1.3.6.1.2.1.2.2.1.2.1), OctetString('Unit: 1 Slot: 0 Port: 1 10G - Level'))], 
[(ObjectName(1.3.6.1.2.1.2.2.1.2.2), OctetString('Unit: 1 Slot: 0 Port: 2 10G - Level'))], 
[(ObjectName(1.3.6.1.2.1.2.2.1.2.3), OctetString('Unit: 1 Slot: 0 Port: 3 10G - Level'))], 
[(ObjectName(1.3.6.1.2.1.2.2.1.2.4), OctetString('Unit: 1 Slot: 0 Port: 4 10G - Level'))], 
[(ObjectName(1.3.6.1.2.1.2.2.1.2.5), OctetString('Unit: 1 Slot: 0 Port: 5 10G - Level'))], 
[(ObjectName(1.3.6.1.2.1.2.2.1.2.6), OctetString('Unit: 1 Slot: 0 Port: 6 10G - Level'))], 
[(ObjectName(1.3.6.1.2.1.2.2.1.2.7), OctetString('Unit: 1 Slot: 0 Port: 7 10G - Level'))], 
[(ObjectName(1.3.6.1.2.1.2.2.1.2.8), OctetString('Unit: 1 Slot: 0 Port: 8 10G - Level'))], 
[(ObjectName(1.3.6.1.2.1.2.2.1.2.9), OctetString('Unit: 1 Slot: 0 Port: 9 10G - Level'))], 
[(ObjectName(1.3.6.1.2.1.2.2.1.2.10), OctetString('Unit: 1 Slot: 0 Port: 10 10G - Level'))], 
[(ObjectName(1.3.6.1.2.1.2.2.1.2.11), OctetString('Unit: 1 Slot: 0 Port: 11 10G - Level'))], 
[(ObjectName(1.3.6.1.2.1.2.2.1.2.12), OctetString('Unit: 1 Slot: 0 Port: 12 10G - Level'))], 
[(ObjectName(1.3.6.1.2.1.2.2.1.2.13), OctetString('Unit: 1 Slot: 0 Port: 13 10G - Level'))], 
[(ObjectName(1.3.6.1.2.1.2.2.1.2.14), OctetString('Unit: 1 Slot: 0 Port: 14 10G - Level'))], 
[(ObjectName(1.3.6.1.2.1.2.2.1.2.15), OctetString('Unit: 1 Slot: 0 Port: 15 10G - Level'))], 
[(ObjectName(1.3.6.1.2.1.2.2.1.2.16), OctetString('Unit: 1 Slot: 0 Port: 16 10G - Level'))], 
[(ObjectName(1.3.6.1.2.1.2.2.1.2.17), OctetString('Unit: 1 Slot: 0 Port: 17 10G - Level'))], 
[(ObjectName(1.3.6.1.2.1.2.2.1.2.18), OctetString('Unit: 1 Slot: 0 Port: 18 10G - Level'))], 
[(ObjectName(1.3.6.1.2.1.2.2.1.2.19), OctetString('Unit: 1 Slot: 0 Port: 19 10G - Level'))], 
[(ObjectName(1.3.6.1.2.1.2.2.1.2.20), OctetString('Unit: 1 Slot: 0 Port: 20 10G - Level'))], 
[(ObjectName(1.3.6.1.2.1.2.2.1.2.21), OctetString('Unit: 1 Slot: 0 Port: 21 10G - Level'))], 
[(ObjectName(1.3.6.1.2.1.2.2.1.2.22), OctetString('Unit: 1 Slot: 0 Port: 22 10G - Level'))], 
[(ObjectName(1.3.6.1.2.1.2.2.1.2.23), OctetString('Unit: 1 Slot: 0 Port: 23 10G - Level'))], 
[(ObjectName(1.3.6.1.2.1.2.2.1.2.24), OctetString('Unit: 1 Slot: 0 Port: 24 10G - Level'))], 
[(ObjectName(1.3.6.1.2.1.2.2.1.2.25), OctetString(' CPU Interface for Unit: 0 Slot: 5 Port: 1'))], 
[(ObjectName(1.3.6.1.2.1.2.2.1.2.26), OctetString('Link Aggregate 1'))], 
[(ObjectName(1.3.6.1.2.1.2.2.1.2.27), OctetString('Link Aggregate 2'))],  
[(ObjectName(1.3.6.1.2.1.2.2.1.2.28), OctetString('Link Aggregate 3'))], 
[(ObjectName(1.3.6.1.2.1.2.2.1.2.29), OctetString('Link Aggregate 4'))], 
[(ObjectName(1.3.6.1.2.1.2.2.1.2.30), OctetString('Link Aggregate 5'))], 
[(ObjectName(1.3.6.1.2.1.2.2.1.2.31), OctetString('Link Aggregate 6'))], 
[(ObjectName(1.3.6.1.2.1.2.2.1.2.32), OctetString('Link Aggregate 7'))], 
[(ObjectName(1.3.6.1.2.1.2.2.1.2.33), OctetString('Link Aggregate 8'))],  
[(ObjectName(1.3.6.1.2.1.2.2.1.2.38), OctetString('Vl21'))], 
[(ObjectName(1.3.6.1.2.1.2.2.1.2.39), OctetString('Vl22'))]
]

更新

根据 Popper12 的回答，明确的解决方案是

import string
from pysnmp.smi import builder, view, error
from pysnmp.entity.rfc3413.oneliner import cmdgen
from collections import namedtuple as NT

cmdGen = cmdgen.CommandGenerator()
mibBuilder = builder.MibBuilder()
mibPath = mibBuilder.getMibPath() + ('/opt/python/Models/Network/MIBs',)
mibBuilder.setMibPath(*mibPath)
mibBuilder.loadModules(
    'RFC-1213',
    )
mibView = view.MibViewController(mibBuilder)
errorIndication, errorStatus, errorIndex, \
                 varBindTable = cmdGen.nextCmd(
    # SNMP v2
    cmdgen.CommunityData('test-agent', 'public'),
    # Transport
    cmdgen.UdpTransportTarget(('192.168.56.131', 161)),
    (('', 'ifDescr'),),
    )

SNMPObject = NT('SNMPObject', ['modName', 'symName', 'index', 'value'])

if errorIndication:
    print errorIndication
else:
    if errorStatus:
        print '%s at %s\n' % (
            errorStatus.prettyPrint(),
            varBindTable[-1][int(errorIndex)-1]
            )
    else:
        for varBindTableRow in varBindTable:
            for oid, val in varBindTableRow:
                (symName, modName), indices = cmdgen.mibvar.oidToMibName(
                    cmdGen.mibViewController, oid
                    )
                val = cmdgen.mibvar.cloneFromMibValue(
                              cmdGen.mibViewController, modName, symName, val
                      )
                index = int(string.join(map(lambda v: v.prettyPrint(), indices), '.'))
                value = val.prettyPrint()
                print SNMPObject._make([modName, symName, index, value])

当我运行这个时，我现在得到了...

SNMPObject(modName='RFC1213-MIB', symName='ifDescr', index=1, value="'Unit: 1 Slot: 0 Port: 1 10G - Level'")
SNMPObject(modName='RFC1213-MIB', symName='ifDescr', index=2, value="'Unit: 1 Slot: 0 Port: 2 10G - Level'")
SNMPObject(modName='RFC1213-MIB', symName='ifDescr', index=3, value="'Unit: 1 Slot: 0 Port: 3 10G - Level'")
SNMPObject(modName='RFC1213-MIB', symName='ifDescr', index=4, value="'Unit: 1 Slot: 0 Port: 4 10G - Level'")
SNMPObject(modName='RFC1213-MIB', symName='ifDescr', index=5, value="'Unit: 1 Slot: 0 Port: 5 10G - Level'")
SNMPObject(modName='RFC1213-MIB', symName='ifDescr', index=6, value="'Unit: 1 Slot: 0 Port: 6 10G - Level'")
SNMPObject(modName='RFC1213-MIB', symName='ifDescr', index=7, value="'Unit: 1 Slot: 0 Port: 7 10G - Level'")
SNMPObject(modName='RFC1213-MIB', symName='ifDescr', index=8, value="'Unit: 1 Slot: 0 Port: 8 10G - Level'")
SNMPObject(modName='RFC1213-MIB', symName='ifDescr', index=9, value="'Unit: 1 Slot: 0 Port: 9 10G - Level'")
SNMPObject(modName='RFC1213-MIB', symName='ifDescr', index=10, value="'Unit: 1 Slot: 0 Port: 10 10G - Level'")
SNMPObject(modName='RFC1213-MIB', symName='ifDescr', index=11, value="'Unit: 1 Slot: 0 Port: 11 10G - Level'")
SNMPObject(modName='RFC1213-MIB', symName='ifDescr', index=12, value="'Unit: 1 Slot: 0 Port: 12 10G - Level'")
SNMPObject(modName='RFC1213-MIB', symName='ifDescr', index=13, value="'Unit: 1 Slot: 0 Port: 13 10G - Level'")
SNMPObject(modName='RFC1213-MIB', symName='ifDescr', index=14, value="'Unit: 1 Slot: 0 Port: 14 10G - Level'")
SNMPObject(modName='RFC1213-MIB', symName='ifDescr', index=15, value="'Unit: 1 Slot: 0 Port: 15 10G - Level'")
SNMPObject(modName='RFC1213-MIB', symName='ifDescr', index=16, value="'Unit: 1 Slot: 0 Port: 16 10G - Level'")
SNMPObject(modName='RFC1213-MIB', symName='ifDescr', index=17, value="'Unit: 1 Slot: 0 Port: 17 10G - Level'")
SNMPObject(modName='RFC1213-MIB', symName='ifDescr', index=18, value="'Unit: 1 Slot: 0 Port: 18 10G - Level'")
SNMPObject(modName='RFC1213-MIB', symName='ifDescr', index=19, value="'Unit: 1 Slot: 0 Port: 19 10G - Level'")
SNMPObject(modName='RFC1213-MIB', symName='ifDescr', index=20, value="'Unit: 1 Slot: 0 Port: 20 10G - Level'")
SNMPObject(modName='RFC1213-MIB', symName='ifDescr', index=21, value="'Unit: 1 Slot: 0 Port: 21 10G - Level'")
SNMPObject(modName='RFC1213-MIB', symName='ifDescr', index=22, value="'Unit: 1 Slot: 0 Port: 22 10G - Level'")
SNMPObject(modName='RFC1213-MIB', symName='ifDescr', index=23, value="'Unit: 1 Slot: 0 Port: 23 10G - Level'")
SNMPObject(modName='RFC1213-MIB', symName='ifDescr', index=24, value="'Unit: 1 Slot: 0 Port: 24 10G - Level'")
SNMPObject(modName='RFC1213-MIB', symName='ifDescr', index=25, value="' CPU Interface for Unit: 0 Slot: 5 Port: 1'")
SNMPObject(modName='RFC1213-MIB', symName='ifDescr', index=26, value="'Link Aggregate 1'")
SNMPObject(modName='RFC1213-MIB', symName='ifDescr', index=27, value="'Link Aggregate 2'")
SNMPObject(modName='RFC1213-MIB', symName='ifDescr', index=28, value="'Link Aggregate 3'")
SNMPObject(modName='RFC1213-MIB', symName='ifDescr', index=29, value="'Link Aggregate 4'")
SNMPObject(modName='RFC1213-MIB', symName='ifDescr', index=30, value="'Link Aggregate 5'")
SNMPObject(modName='RFC1213-MIB', symName='ifDescr', index=31, value="'Link Aggregate 6'")
SNMPObject(modName='RFC1213-MIB', symName='ifDescr', index=32, value="'Link Aggregate 7'")
SNMPObject(modName='RFC1213-MIB', symName='ifDescr', index=33, value="'Link Aggregate 8'")
SNMPObject(modName='RFC1213-MIB', symName='ifDescr', index=34, value="'Link Aggregate 9'")
SNMPObject(modName='RFC1213-MIB', symName='ifDescr', index=35, value="'Link Aggregate 10'")
SNMPObject(modName='RFC1213-MIB', symName='ifDescr', index=36, value="'Link Aggregate 11'")
SNMPObject(modName='RFC1213-MIB', symName='ifDescr', index=37, value="'Link Aggregate 12'")
SNMPObject(modName='RFC1213-MIB', symName='ifDescr', index=38, value="'Vl21'")
SNMPObject(modName='RFC1213-MIB', symName='ifDescr', index=39, value="'Vl22'")

这并没有完全回答我关于带有符号名称的 ObjectName 实例的问题；不过，这已经足够好了。

scripting snmp data conversion OID mib network management symbolic names network devices

2 个回答

0

这并没有直接回答我关于带有符号名称的ObjectName实例的问题；不过，这个解释已经足够好了。

符号名称其实是OID的别名。和OID不同，符号名称在协议操作中是不会出现的。OID和别名之间的对应关系是由一个独立的数据库来维护，这个数据库叫做MIB。

所以，OID的符号表示并不会和ObjectName一起携带。不过，你可以通过OID在MIB中查找对应的符号名称。

希望我的解释能让你明白。

回答于 2025-04-17 由 Python大师
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2

一般来说，要在OID和符号名称之间转换，你需要使用一个MIB查看器组件。

当你使用pysnmp的“单行”API时，这种转换会自动进行，适用于你输入的OID或符号。不过，对于输出的OID（可能还有值），你需要手动进行转换。

下面是一个示例，可以作为参考：

http://pysnmp.sourceforge.net/examples/4.x/v3arch/oneliner/manager/withmib/nextgen.html

回答于 2025-04-17 由 Python大师
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