将Excel或电子表格列字母转换为数字的Pythonic方式

33 投票
17 回答
42921 浏览
提问于 2025-04-17 00:58

有没有更符合Python风格的方法来把Excel里的列名转换成数字(从1开始)呢?

下面是可以用到两个字母的代码:

def column_to_number(c):
    """Return number corresponding to excel-style column."""
    number=-25
    for l in c:
        if not l in string.ascii_letters:
            return False
        number+=ord(l.upper())-64+25
    return number

这段代码可以正常运行:

>>> column_to_number('2')
False
>>> column_to_number('A')
1
>>> column_to_number('AB')
28

但是三字母的情况就不行了。

>>> column_to_number('ABA')
54
>>> column_to_number('AAB')
54

参考链接:这个问题在C#中有解答

17 个回答

15

你可以在安装了openpyxl模块后,在控制台中添加以下内容:

>>> from openpyxl.utils import get_column_letter, column_index_from_string

>>> get_column_letter(1)
'A'
>>> column_index_from_string('A')
1

只需要把字母和数字换成你需要的就可以了。

21

在Python 2.7.1和3.5.2中测试过的单行代码

excel_col_num = lambda a: 0 if a == '' else 1 + ord(a[-1]) - ord('A') + 26 * excel_col_num(a[:-1])

excel_col_name = lambda n: '' if n <= 0 else excel_col_name((n - 1) // 26) + chr((n - 1) % 26 + ord('A'))

多行代码同样适用

def excel_column_name(n):
    """Number to Excel-style column name, e.g., 1 = A, 26 = Z, 27 = AA, 703 = AAA."""
    name = ''
    while n > 0:
        n, r = divmod (n - 1, 26)
        name = chr(r + ord('A')) + name
    return name

def excel_column_number(name):
    """Excel-style column name to number, e.g., A = 1, Z = 26, AA = 27, AAA = 703."""
    n = 0
    for c in name:
        n = n * 26 + 1 + ord(c) - ord('A')
    return n

def test (name, number):
    for n in [0, 1, 2, 3, 24, 25, 26, 27, 702, 703, 704, 2708874, 1110829947]:
        a = name(n)
        n2 = number(a)
        a2 = name(n2)
        print ("%10d  %-9s  %s" % (n, a, "ok" if a == a2 and n == n2 else "error %d %s" % (n2, a2)))

test (excel_column_name, excel_column_number)
test (excel_col_name, excel_col_num)

所有测试都会打印输出

         0             ok
         1  A          ok
         2  B          ok
         3  C          ok
        24  X          ok
        25  Y          ok
        26  Z          ok
        27  AA         ok
       702  ZZ         ok
       703  AAA        ok
       704  AAB        ok
   2708874  EXCEL      ok
1110829947  COLUMNS    ok
60

有一种方法可以让它更符合Python的风格(适用于三个或更多字母,并且使用更少的神秘数字):

def col2num(col):
    num = 0
    for c in col:
        if c in string.ascii_letters:
            num = num * 26 + (ord(c.upper()) - ord('A')) + 1
    return num

还有一种用reduce函数写成的一行代码(这个方法不检查输入,阅读起来不太容易,所以我不推荐使用):

col2num = lambda col: reduce(lambda x, y: x*26 + y, [ord(c.upper()) - ord('A') + 1 for c in col])

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