导入Cython生成的.so文件时,这个ImportError是什么意思?
我正在查看Cython的文档,并且在构建每个示例应用程序。不过在使用C库的部分遇到了一些问题。在成功生成了一个.so文件后,我尝试在一个叫test.py的Python文件中导入它,结果出现了以下错误。
$ python3.2 test.py
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "test.py", line 12, in <module>
from queue import Queue
ImportError: dlopen(/Users/jeremy/Development/labs/python/cython_lib_wrapper/queue.so, 2): Symbol not found: _queue_free
Referenced from: /Users/jeremy/Development/labs/python/cython_lib_wrapper/queue.so
Expected in: flat namespace
in /Users/jeremy/Development/labs/python/cython_lib_wrapper/queue.so
这个.so文件和test.py文件放在同一个文件夹里,所以应该能找到它。现在我在OSX 10.6上使用的是最新版本的Cython和Python 3.2。
有没有什么建议?
编辑 - 添加构建命令和输出
$ python3.2 setup.py build_ext --inplace
running build_ext
cythoning queue.pyx to queue.c
building 'queue' extension
gcc-4.2 -fno-strict-aliasing -fno-common -dynamic -DNDEBUG -g -O3 -isysroot /Developer/SDKs/MacOSX10.6.sdk -arch i386 -arch x86_64 -isysroot /Developer/SDKs/MacOSX10.6.sdk -I/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.2/include/python3.2m -c queue.c -o build/temp.macosx-10.6-intel-3.2/queue.o
queue.c: In function ‘__pyx_f_5queue_5Queue_append’:
queue.c:627: warning: cast to pointer from integer of different size
queue.c: In function ‘__pyx_f_5queue_5Queue_extend’:
queue.c:740: warning: cast to pointer from integer of different size
queue.c: In function ‘__pyx_f_5queue_5Queue_peek’:
queue.c:813: warning: cast from pointer to integer of different size
queue.c: In function ‘__pyx_f_5queue_5Queue_pop’:
queue.c:965: warning: cast from pointer to integer of different size
gcc-4.2 -bundle -undefined dynamic_lookup -arch i386 -arch x86_64 -isysroot /Developer/SDKs/MacOSX10.6.sdk -isysroot /Developer/SDKs/MacOSX10.6.sdk -g build/temp.macosx-10.6-intel-3.2/queue.o -o
编辑2 - 添加评论中请求的"otool"命令
queue.so:
/usr/lib/libSystem.B.dylib (compatibility version 1.0.0, current version 125.2.0)
编辑3 - 添加"nm"的输出
U ___stack_chk_fail
U ___stack_chk_guard
U _queue_free
U _queue_is_empty
U _queue_new
U _queue_peek_head
U _queue_pop_head
U _queue_push_tail
U dyld_stub_binder
grep命令的输出是:
(undefined) external _queue_free (dynamically looked up)
1 个回答
7
编辑:
哦,你没有提到你依赖于libcalg里的代码。那些代码需要在你构建扩展时编译并包含进去。
只需修改setup.py:
# setup.py
# ...
ext_modules = [Extension("queue", ["queue.pyx", "libcalg/queue.c"])]
# ...
我们可以退一步,看看你能否构建一个非常简单的例子:
我试过以下内容(3个文件,myext.pyx、test.py、setup.py),看起来运行得很好。当然,我是在OS X 10.7上,所以和你的环境不完全一样。为了排除差异,也许你可以复制这些文件并构建它们,作为一个简单的检查。
myext.pyx的内容:
# myext.pyx
def square(x):
return x * x
test.py的内容:
# test.py
from myext import square
print "%d squared is %d"%(4, square(4))
setup.py的内容:
# setup.py
from distutils.core import setup
from distutils.extension import Extension
from Cython.Distutils import build_ext
ext_modules = [Extension("myext", ["myext.pyx"])]
setup(
name = 'Hello world app',
cmdclass = {'build_ext': build_ext},
ext_modules = ext_modules
)
我在包含这3个文件的目录下构建:
cython_test$ /usr/bin/python setup.py build_ext --inplace
running build_ext
cythoning myext.pyx to myext.c
building 'myext' extension
creating build
creating build/temp.macosx-10.7-intel-2.7
llvm-gcc-4.2 -fno-strict-aliasing -fno-common -dynamic -g -Os -pipe -fno-common -fno-strict-aliasing -fwrapv -mno-fused-madd -DENABLE_DTRACE -DMACOSX -DNDEBUG -Wall -Wstrict-prototypes -Wshorten-64-to-32 -DNDEBUG -g -fwrapv -Os -Wall -Wstrict-prototypes -DENABLE_DTRACE -arch i386 -arch x86_64 -pipe -I/System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/include/python2.7 -c myext.c -o build/temp.macosx-10.7-intel-2.7/myext.o
llvm-gcc-4.2 -Wl,-F. -bundle -undefined dynamic_lookup -Wl,-F. -arch i386 -arch x86_64 build/temp.macosx-10.7-intel-2.7/myext.o -o /Users/steder/SO/cython_test/myext.so
cython_test$ python test.py
4 squared is 16:
我的环境有类似的otool输出,DYLD_LIBRARY_PATH也没有设置,但nm -m显示squared是已定义的。
具体来说:
00000000000011d0 (__DATA,__data) non-external ___pyx_k__square
00000000000011e0 (__DATA,__data) non-external ___pyx_mdef_5myext_square
0000000000001218 (__DATA,__bss) non-external ___pyx_n_s__square
0000000000000c80 (__TEXT,__text) non-external ___pyx_pf_5myext_square
请试试这个,看看在你的环境中nm -m显示了什么。