python线程和tkinter.tix.NoteBook标签在第一个打开的标签之外不可访问
在下面这个例子中，我无法在默认打开的日志标签之外写入其他标签：
#!/usr/bin/python
import os, sys
import threading
import time
from itertools import count
import tkinter
from tkinter import *
from tkinter import tix
import tkinter.tix
from tkinter.constants import *
import traceback, tkinter.messagebox
from tkinter import ttk
TCL_DONT_WAIT = 1<<1
TCL_WINDOW_EVENTS = 1<<2
TCL_FILE_EVENTS = 1<<3
TCL_TIMER_EVENTS = 1<<4
TCL_IDLE_EVENTS = 1<<5
TCL_ALL_EVENTS = 0
class GUI(threading.Thread):
def __init__(self):
""" thread init
defines some vars and starts stuff when the class is called (gui=GUI())
"""
self.root=tkinter.tix.Tk()
z = self.root.winfo_toplevel()
z.wm_title('minimal example')
if z.winfo_screenwidth() <= 800:
z.geometry('790x590+10+10')
else:
z.geometry('890x640+10+10')
frame1 = self.MkMainNotebook()
frame2 = self.MkMainStatus()
frame1.pack(side=TOP, expand=1, fill=BOTH, padx=4, pady=4)
frame2.pack(side=BOTTOM, fill=X)
z.wm_protocol("WM_DELETE_WINDOW", lambda self=self: self.stop())
threading.Thread.__init__(self)
def run(self):
""" thread start
kick starts the main loop when the thread start()
"""
self.root.mainloop()
def stop(self):
""" escape plan
Exits gui thread
"""
self._stop()
raise SystemExit
def MkMainStatus(self):
""" status bar
"""
top = self.root
w = tkinter.tix.Frame(top, relief=tkinter.tix.RAISED, bd=1)
self.exitbutton = tkinter.Button(w, text='Exit GUI Thread', width=20, command=lambda self=self: self.stop())
self.exitbutton.grid(row=0, column=0, sticky=E, padx=3, pady=3)
return w
def MkMainNotebook(self):
""" the tabs frame
defines the tabs
"""
top = self.root
w = tkinter.tix.NoteBook(top, ipadx=5, ipady=5, options="""
tagPadX 6
tagPadY 4
borderWidth 2
""")
top['bg'] = w['bg']
w.add('log', label='Log', underline=0,
createcmd=lambda w=w, name='log': self.MkLog(w, name))
w.add('pro', label='Progress', underline=0,
createcmd=lambda w=w, name='pro': self.MkProgress(w, name))
w.add('set', label='Settings', underline=0,
createcmd=lambda w=w, name='set': self.MkSettings(w, name))
return w
def MkSettings(self, nb, name):
""" TODO: settings tab
"""
w = nb.page(name)
options="label.width %d label.anchor %s entry.width %d" % (10, tkinter.tix.E, 13)
settings_scr_win = tix.ScrolledWindow(w, width=400, height=400)
settings_scr_win.pack(side=tkinter.tix.TOP, padx=2, pady=2, fill='both', expand=1)
self.SettingsFrame = settings_scr_win.window
def MkProgress(self, nb, name):
""" TODO: progress tab
"""
w = nb.page(name)
options = "label.padX 4"
progress_scr_win = tix.ScrolledWindow(w, width=400, height=400)
progress_scr_win.pack(side=tkinter.tix.TOP, padx=2, pady=2, fill='both', expand=1)
self.ProgressFrame = progress_scr_win.window
def MkLog(self, nb, name):
""" log
"""
w = nb.page(name)
options = "label.padX 4"
log_scr_win = tix.ScrolledWindow(w, width=400, height=400)
log_scr_win.pack(side=tkinter.tix.TOP, padx=2, pady=2, fill='both', expand=1)
self.LogFrame = log_scr_win.window
def main(argv):
""" main function
Keyword arguments:
args[0] --
args[1] --
Returns:
None
"""
#GUI
gui=GUI()
gui.start()
time.sleep(1) # give it a sec to draw the gui...
tix.Label(gui.LogFrame, text=("log")).pack()
tix.Label(gui.SettingsFrame, text=("settings")).pack()
tix.Label(gui.ProgressFrame, text=("progress")).pack()
return None
if __name__ == "__main__":
sys.exit(main(sys.argv))
控制台的错误信息：
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "C:\minimal example.py", line 132, in <module>
sys.exit(main(sys.argv))
File "C:\minimal example.py", line 126, in main
tix.Label(gui.SettingsFrame, text=("settings")).pack()
AttributeError: 'GUI' object has no attribute 'SettingsFrame'
每当我尝试在 gui.SettingsFrame 或 gui.ProgressFrame 中创建小部件时，就会出现这个问题。 如果我在 main() 中把 time.sleep(1) 的时间增加，然后在 tix.Label 部分开始之前点击标签，代码就能正常工作，因为这时标签命令已经被调用了。
那么，我该如何提前声明 gui.SettingsFrame 和 gui.ProgressFrame 呢？我能在到达 main() 中的 tix.Label 之前在代码中切换标签吗？
注意：我需要它是线程安全的，因为这是一个更大的程序的一部分，这个程序做了十几件不同的事情，并且是多线程的，还有几个进程。
谢谢
编辑 1： 我可以给这个类添加方法，而不是直接引用这些框架：
def print_log(self, text):
""" log printer
"""
tix.Label(self.LogFrame, text=(text)).pack()
def print_progress(self, text):
""" log printer
"""
tix.Label(self.ProgressFrame, text=(text)).pack()
def print_settings(self, text):
""" log printer
"""
tix.Label(self.SettingsFrame, text=(text)).pack()
然后在 main 中调用它们：
#tix.Label(gui.LogFrame, text=("log")).pack()
gui.print_log("log")
#tix.Label(gui.SettingsFrame, text=("settings")).pack()
gui.print_settings("settings")
#tix.Label(gui.ProgressFrame, text=("progress")).pack()
gui.print_progress("progress")
但结果还是一样：
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "C:\minimal example.py", line 150, in <module>
sys.exit(main(sys.argv))
File "C:\minimal example.py", line 143, in main
gui.print_settings("settings")
File "C:\minimal example.py", line 124, in print_settings
tix.Label(self.SettingsFrame, text=(text)).pack()
AttributeError: 'GUI' object has no attribute 'SettingsFrame'
编辑 2：Bryan Oakley 提供了一个非常简单快捷的解决方案：
#!/usr/bin/python
import os, sys
import threading
import time
from itertools import count
import tkinter
from tkinter import *
from tkinter import tix
import tkinter.tix
from tkinter.constants import *
import traceback, tkinter.messagebox
from tkinter import ttk
TCL_DONT_WAIT = 1<<1
TCL_WINDOW_EVENTS = 1<<2
TCL_FILE_EVENTS = 1<<3
TCL_TIMER_EVENTS = 1<<4
TCL_IDLE_EVENTS = 1<<5
TCL_ALL_EVENTS = 0
class GUI(threading.Thread):
def __init__(self):
""" thread init
defines some vars and starts stuff when the class is called (gui=GUI())
"""
self.root=tkinter.tix.Tk()
z = self.root.winfo_toplevel()
z.wm_title('minimal example')
if z.winfo_screenwidth() <= 800:
z.geometry('790x590+10+10')
else:
z.geometry('890x640+10+10')
frame1 = self.MkMainNotebook()
frame2 = self.MkMainStatus()
frame1.pack(side=TOP, expand=1, fill=BOTH, padx=4, pady=4)
frame2.pack(side=BOTTOM, fill=X)
z.wm_protocol("WM_DELETE_WINDOW", lambda self=self: self.stop())
threading.Thread.__init__(self)
def run(self):
""" thread start
kick starts the main loop when the thread start()
"""
self.root.mainloop()
def stop(self):
""" escape plan
Exits gui thread
"""
self._stop()
raise SystemExit
def MkMainStatus(self):
""" status bar
"""
top = self.root
w = tkinter.tix.Frame(top, relief=tkinter.tix.RAISED, bd=1)
self.exitbutton = tkinter.Button(w, text='Exit GUI Thread', width=20, command=lambda self=self: self.stop())
self.exitbutton.grid(row=0, column=0, sticky=E, padx=3, pady=3)
return w
def MkMainNotebook(self):
""" the tabs frame
defines the tabs
"""
top = self.root
w = tkinter.tix.NoteBook(top, ipadx=5, ipady=5, options="""
tagPadX 6
tagPadY 4
borderWidth 2
""")
top['bg'] = w['bg']
w.add('log', label='Log', underline=0)
#createcmd=lambda w=w, name='log': self.MkLog(w, name))
w.add('pro', label='Progress', underline=0)
#createcmd=lambda w=w, name='pro': self.MkProgress(w, name))
w.add('set', label='Settings', underline=0)
#createcmd=lambda w=w, name='set': self.MkSettings(w, name))
#log_it = w.subwidget('log')
#pro_it = w.subwidget('pro')
#set_it = w.subwidget('set')
self.MkLog(w, 'log')
self.MkProgress(w, 'pro')
self.MkSettings(w, 'set')
return w
def MkSettings(self, nb, name):
""" TODO: settings tab
"""
w = nb.page(name)
options="label.width %d label.anchor %s entry.width %d" % (10, tkinter.tix.E, 13)
settings_scr_win = tix.ScrolledWindow(w, width=400, height=400)
settings_scr_win.pack(side=tkinter.tix.TOP, padx=2, pady=2, fill='both', expand=1)
self.SettingsFrame = settings_scr_win.window
def MkProgress(self, nb, name):
""" TODO: progress tab
"""
w = nb.page(name)
options = "label.padX 4"
progress_scr_win = tix.ScrolledWindow(w, width=400, height=400)
progress_scr_win.pack(side=tkinter.tix.TOP, padx=2, pady=2, fill='both', expand=1)
self.ProgressFrame = progress_scr_win.window
def MkLog(self, nb, name):
""" log
"""
w = nb.page(name)
options = "label.padX 4"
log_scr_win = tix.ScrolledWindow(w, width=400, height=400)
log_scr_win.pack(side=tkinter.tix.TOP, padx=2, pady=2, fill='both', expand=1)
self.LogFrame = log_scr_win.window
def print_log(self, text):
""" log printer
"""
tix.Label(self.LogFrame, text=(text)).pack()
def print_progress(self, text):
""" log printer
"""
tix.Label(self.ProgressFrame, text=(text)).pack()
def print_settings(self, text):
""" log printer
"""
tix.Label(self.SettingsFrame, text=(text)).pack()
def main(argv):
""" main function
Keyword arguments:
args[0] --
args[1] --
Returns:
None
"""
#GUI
gui=GUI()
gui.start()
time.sleep(1) # give it a sec to draw the gui...
tix.Label(gui.LogFrame, text=("log")).pack()
#gui.print_log("log")
tix.Label(gui.SettingsFrame, text=("settings")).pack()
#gui.print_settings("settings")
tix.Label(gui.ProgressFrame, text=("progress")).pack()
#gui.print_progress("progress")
return None
if __name__ == "__main__":
sys.exit(main(sys.argv))
谢谢！
编辑 3：以下是一个线程安全的实现。我还添加了一个额外的计时器：
#!/usr/bin/python
import os, sys
import threading
import queue
from queue import Empty
import time
from itertools import count
import tkinter
from tkinter import *
from tkinter import tix
import tkinter.tix
from tkinter.constants import *
import traceback, tkinter.messagebox
from tkinter import ttk
TCL_DONT_WAIT = 1<<1
TCL_WINDOW_EVENTS = 1<<2
TCL_FILE_EVENTS = 1<<3
TCL_TIMER_EVENTS = 1<<4
TCL_IDLE_EVENTS = 1<<5
TCL_ALL_EVENTS = 0
class GUI(threading.Thread):
def __init__(self):
""" thread init
defines some vars and starts stuff when the class is called (gui=GUI())
"""
self.root=tkinter.tix.Tk()
z = self.root.winfo_toplevel()
z.wm_title('minimal example')
if z.winfo_screenwidth() <= 800:
z.geometry('790x590+10+10')
else:
z.geometry('890x640+10+10')
frame1 = self.MkMainNotebook()
frame2 = self.MkMainStatus()
frame1.pack(side=TOP, expand=1, fill=BOTH, padx=4, pady=4)
frame2.pack(side=BOTTOM, fill=X)
z.wm_protocol("WM_DELETE_WINDOW", lambda self=self: self.stop())
threading.Thread.__init__(self)
def run(self):
""" thread start
kick starts the main loop when the thread start()
"""
self.root.mainloop()
def stop(self):
""" escape plan
Exits gui thread
"""
self._stop()
raise SystemExit
def MkMainStatus(self):
""" status bar
"""
top = self.root
w = tkinter.tix.Frame(top, relief=tkinter.tix.RAISED, bd=1)
self.status = tkinter.tix.Label(w, anchor=E, bd=1)
self.exitbutton = tkinter.Button(w, text='Exit GUI Thread', width=20, command=lambda self=self: self.stop())
self.print_queue=queue.Queue()
self.print_label()
self.status.grid(row=0, column=0, sticky=W, padx=3, pady=3)
self.exitbutton.grid(row=0, column=1, sticky=E, padx=3, pady=3)
return w
def print_label(self):
""" listner
listner
"""
rate=0.5 # seconds to re-read queue; 0.5=half a second, 1=a full second
counter = count(0, rate)
def update_func():
secs= str(counter.__next__())
try:
self.status.config(text=str("%s(secs): Processing queue..." % (secs.split('.'))[0]), fg=str("red"))
a = tix.Label(self.LogFrame, text=(self.print_queue.get(False)))
except Empty:
self.status.config(text=str("%s(secs): Waiting for queue..." % (secs.split('.'))[0]), fg=str("black"))
self.status.after(int(rate*1000), update_func)
else:
a.pack()
a.after(int(rate*1000), update_func)
update_func()
def MkMainNotebook(self):
""" the tabs frame
defines the tabs
"""
top = self.root
w = tkinter.tix.NoteBook(top, ipadx=5, ipady=5, options="""
tagPadX 6
tagPadY 4
borderWidth 2
""")
top['bg'] = w['bg']
w.add('log', label='Log', underline=0)
self.MkLog(w, 'log')
w.add('pro', label='Progress', underline=0)
self.MkProgress(w, 'pro')
w.add('set', label='Settings', underline=0)
self.MkSettings(w, 'set')
return w
def MkSettings(self, nb, name):
""" TODO: settings tab
"""
w = nb.page(name)
options="label.width %d label.anchor %s entry.width %d" % (10, tkinter.tix.E, 13)
settings_scr_win = tix.ScrolledWindow(w, width=400, height=400)
settings_scr_win.pack(side=tkinter.tix.TOP, padx=2, pady=2, fill='both', expand=1)
self.SettingsFrame = settings_scr_win.window
def MkProgress(self, nb, name):
""" TODO: progress tab
"""
w = nb.page(name)
options = "label.padX 4"
progress_scr_win = tix.ScrolledWindow(w, width=400, height=400)
progress_scr_win.pack(side=tkinter.tix.TOP, padx=2, pady=2, fill='both', expand=1)
self.ProgressFrame = progress_scr_win.window
def MkLog(self, nb, name):
""" log
"""
w = nb.page(name)
options = "label.padX 4"
log_scr_win = tix.ScrolledWindow(w, width=400, height=400)
log_scr_win.pack(side=tkinter.tix.TOP, padx=2, pady=2, fill='both', expand=1)
self.LogFrame = log_scr_win.window
def main(argv):
""" main function
Keyword arguments:
args[0] --
args[1] --
Returns:
None
"""
#GUI
gui=GUI()
gui.start()
gui.print_queue.put("log")
time.sleep(10) # timed release test
gui.print_queue.put("timed release test")
return None
if __name__ == "__main__":
sys.exit(main(sys.argv))
这可能是将线程安全的 tkinter 界面实现到控制台应用程序中最简单的方法。gui.print_queue.put() 替代了 print()，而 gui 更新的速率可以通过调整 print_label(self) 中的 rate 变量来修改。
希望你喜欢！
1 个回答
0
首先，Tkinter 这个库是不支持多线程的。也就是说，你不能从多个线程同时访问 Tkinter 的界面组件。如果这样做，结果是不可预测的（不过通常可以预测到会导致程序崩溃）。
至于另一个问题——如何提前声明 gui.SettingsFrame——我不太确定怎么回答而不说一些显而易见的事情。要“声明”它，你必须先创建它，而要创建它，你需要调用一个创建它的方法。而且你必须在使用 gui.SettingsFrame 作为其他方法的参数之前完成这一步。
你为什么要在创建框架的方法之外创建一个标签呢？我觉得解决这个问题的方法是把“设置”标签的创建从 Main 移到 MkSettings（同样的道理也适用于“进度”和“日志”标签）。