如何在Python和TKinter中重绘主屏幕

Question

我有一个程序，主窗口分成两个部分，每个部分都有一组表单（就是简单的标签和输入框）。默认情况下，第一个部分有4列，第二个部分有2列。我希望用户能够改变这个比例。我觉得我已经写好了所有的代码，只是无法让主窗口重新绘制成正确的结构。如果有人能帮忙，我会非常感激。谢谢。

我喜欢你示例的简单性和想法，不过我正在修改一些旧代码，没有时间把我的布局重写成定义。我尝试创建一个简单的函数来做grid_columnconfig()，但没有成功。我把代码简化了，让它看起来像我正在使用的那样，并且它也能正常工作。如果你改变变量'max_pol_modules'，它会调整左边和右边的列，所以我想通过一个界面小部件来改变这个变量并重新绘制。

from Tkinter import *
import tkFont

max_pol_modules = 3
max_bus_modules = 6 - max_pol_modules

tech_green = '#5E9732'
button_grey = '#666666'
grey = '#777777'

def config1():
    global max_pol_modules, max_bus_modules
    max_pol_modules = 1
    max_bus_modules = 6 - max_pol_modules
#    print max_bus_modules

#    left_frame.update()


def config2():
    global max_pol_modules, max_bus_modules
    max_pol_modules = 2
    max_bus_modules = 6 - max_pol_modules
#    print max_bus_modules


def config3():
    global max_pol_modules, max_bus_modules
    max_pol_modules = 3
    max_bus_modules = 6 - max_pol_modules
#    print max_bus_modules


def config4():
    global max_pol_modules, max_bus_modules
    max_pol_modules = 4
    max_bus_modules = 6 - max_pol_modules
#    print max_bus_modules

def about():
    box.showinfo("About GUI","GE Bus Converter and Point of Load GUI")

def bar(frame, row, span):
    "create a bar to separate a section"
    x = Frame(frame, relief=GROOVE, bd=2, width=86*(span+1), height=2)
    x.grid(row=row, column=0, columnspan=10, pady=7, sticky=S+E)
    x.grid_propagate(0)

def bar2(frame, row, span):
    "create a bar to separate a section"
    x = Frame(frame, relief=GROOVE, bd=2, width=86*(span+1), height=2)
    x.grid(row=row, column=0, columnspan=10, pady=3, sticky=S+E)
    x.grid_propagate(0)

def bar3(frame, row, span):
    "create a bar to separate a section"
    x = Frame(frame, relief=GROOVE, bd=2, width=100, height=2)
    x.grid(row=row, column=0, columnspan=10, pady=7, sticky=S+E)
    x.grid_propagate(0)

root = Tk()

menubar = Menu(root)

submenu=Menu(menubar,tearoff=0)

submenu2=Menu(submenu,tearoff=0)
submenu2.add_command(label="1 - 5", command=config1)
submenu2.add_command(label="2 - 4", command=config2)
submenu2.add_command(label="3 - 3", command=config3)
submenu2.add_command(label="4 - 2", command=config4)

submenu_help = Menu(submenu,tearoff=0)
submenu_help.add_command(label="About",command=about)


submenu.add_cascade(label="Change Configuration",menu=submenu2)

submenu.add_command(label="Exit", command=root.quit)

menubar.add_cascade(label="Settings",menu=submenu)
menubar.add_cascade(label="Help", menu=submenu_help)

# display the menu
root.config(menu=menubar)

entry_wid = 6
small_font = tkFont.Font(family='Arial', size=8, weight='bold')
lite_font = tkFont.Font(family='Arial', size=9)
large_font = tkFont.Font(family='Arial', size=9)
heading_font = tkFont.Font(family='Arial', size=10, weight='bold')
button_font = tkFont.Font(family='Arial', size=8, weight='bold')
root.option_add('*font', lite_font)
root.option_add('*background', '#C2C2C4')
root.option_add('*Label.font', small_font)
root.option_add('*Entry.background', 'white')
root.option_add('*Button.font', button_font)
root.option_add('*Button.background', button_grey)
root.option_add('*Button.foreground', 'yellow')
root.option_add('*Text.background', 'white')
root.option_add('*Text.font', small_font)
root.option_add('*ScrolledText.font', lite_font) 

left_frame = Frame(root)
right_frame = Frame(root)

pol_frame = Frame(left_frame, bd=2, relief=SUNKEN)
x = Label(pol_frame, text="POL Address", anchor=E)
x.grid(row=0, column=0, sticky=E)

x = Label(pol_frame, text="Rtrim (Kohms)", anchor=E)
x.grid(row=1, column=0, sticky=E)

x = Label(pol_frame, text="Nominal Vout (V)", anchor=E)
x.grid(row=2, column=0, sticky=E)

bar2(pol_frame, 0, max_pol_modules)

module_address = []
module_i2c = []
module_status = []
module_resistor = []
module_vout_nominal = []
for i in range(max_pol_modules):
    # Module ID and address
    f = Frame(pol_frame)
    x = Label(f, text=i+1)
    x.grid(row=0, column=0)
    v = StringVar()
    x = Entry(f, textvariable=v, width=3, justify=CENTER)
    x.grid(row=0, column=1)
    f.grid(row=0, column=i+1, pady=8, padx=20)
    module_address.append(v)
    module_i2c.append("")
    module_status.append(0)
    # module resistor
    v = StringVar()
    x = Entry(pol_frame, textvariable=v, width=entry_wid, justify=CENTER)
    f = lambda event, module=i: change_resistor_event(event, module)
    g = lambda value, m=i, o=16: set_change(value, m, o)
    x.bind("<KeyRelease>", f, "+")
    x.bind("<KeyRelease>", g, "+")
    x.bind("<FocusOut>", f, "+")
    x.grid(row=1, column=i+1, pady=0)
    module_resistor.append(v)
    # module nominal vout
    v = StringVar()
    x = Label(pol_frame, textvariable=v, width=entry_wid-1,
          relief=SUNKEN, bg='#DDDDDD', font=lite_font)
    x.grid(row=2, column=i+1, pady=0)
    module_vout_nominal.append(v)

bus_frame = Frame(left_frame, bd=2, relief=SUNKEN)
#x = Label(bus_frame, text="Module (address)", anchor=E)
#x.grid(row=0, column=max_pol_modules+1, sticky=E)
x = Label(bus_frame, text="Bus Conv Address", anchor=E)
x.grid(row=0, column=0, sticky=E)
config_bus = []
r = 0

#for i in range(max_pol_modules,max_pol_modules+max_bus_modules):
for i in range(max_bus_modules):
    # Module ID and address
    f = Frame(bus_frame)
    x = Label(f, text=i+5)
    x.grid(row=0, column=0)
    v = StringVar()
    x = Entry(f, textvariable=v, width=3, justify=CENTER)
    x.grid(row=0, column=1)
    f.grid(row=0, column=i+2, pady=8, padx=20)
    module_address.append(v)
    module_i2c.append("")
    module_status.append(0)


bar2(bus_frame, r, max_bus_modules) 
r += 1

# the measured values
measure_info = ["Vout (V)", "Iout (A)", "Vin (V)", "Temp (degC)"]
measures_bus = []
for mi in measure_info:
    x = Label(bus_frame, text=mi, anchor=E)
    x.grid(row=r, column=0, sticky=E)
    m = []
    for j in range(max_bus_modules):
        v = StringVar()
        x = Label(bus_frame, textvariable=v, width=entry_wid-1,
              relief=SUNKEN, bg='#DDDDDD', font=lite_font)
        x.grid(row=r, column=j+2)
        m.append(v)
    measures_bus.append(m)
    r += 1

pol_frame.grid(row=0, column=0, sticky=N+W)

bus_frame.grid(row=0, column=1, sticky=N+W)

left_frame.grid(row=0, column=0, sticky=N)

right_frame.grid(row=0, column=1, sticky=N)

root.mainloop()

编辑后的示例，其中form[4]和form[5]需要被删除。

import Tkinter as tk

class App(tk.Tk):
    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
        tk.Tk.__init__(self, *args, **kwargs)
        self.forms = []
        self.toolbar = tk.Frame(self)
        self.toolbar.pack(side="top", fill="x", expand=False)
        button2 = tk.Button(self.toolbar, text="2 columns", command=self.layout2col)
        button3 = tk.Button(self.toolbar, text="3 columns", command=self.layout3col)
        button2.pack(side="left")
        button3.pack(side="left")
        self.forms_frame = tk.Frame(self, borderwidth=2, relief="groove")
        self.forms_frame.pack(side="top", fill="both", expand="True", padx=2, pady=2)
        for i in range(6):
            frame = tk.LabelFrame(self.forms_frame, text="Form %s" % i)
            self.forms.append(frame)
            label = tk.Label(frame, text="Field %s" % i)
            entry = tk.Entry(frame, width=20)
            label.pack(side="left", fill="y")
            entry.pack(side="left", fill="both", expand=True)

        self.layout2col()

    def layout3col(self):
        self.forms[0].grid(column=0, row=0, padx=4, pady=2, sticky="ew")
        self.forms[1].grid(column=0, row=1, padx=4, pady=2, sticky="ew")
        self.forms[2].grid(column=1, row=0, padx=4, pady=2, sticky="ew")
        self.forms[3].grid(column=1, row=1, padx=4, pady=2, sticky="ew")
        self.forms[4].grid(column=2, row=0, padx=4, pady=2, sticky="ew")
        self.forms[5].grid(column=2, row=1, padx=4, pady=2, sticky="ew")
        self.forms_frame.grid_columnconfigure(0, weight=1)
        self.forms_frame.grid_columnconfigure(1, weight=1)
        self.forms_frame.grid_columnconfigure(2, weight=1)

    def layout2col(self):
        self.forms[0].grid(column=0, row=0, padx=4, pady=2, sticky="ew")
        self.forms[1].grid(column=0, row=1, padx=4, pady=2, sticky="ew")
        self.forms[2].grid(column=1, row=0, padx=4, pady=2, sticky="ew")
        self.forms[3].grid(column=1, row=1, padx=4, pady=2, sticky="ew")


        self.forms_frame.grid_columnconfigure(0, weight=1)
        self.forms_frame.grid_columnconfigure(1, weight=1)
        self.forms_frame.grid_columnconfigure(2, weight=0)

if __name__ == "__main__":
    app = App()
    app.mainloop()

Answer 1

你可能已经试过这样做了，但你能在你的根部小部件上调用 update() 吗？

你可能还需要先再调用一次 pack()。

Answer 2

因为你正在使用网格布局管理器，所以你只需要用 grid 方法把它们放到新的行和列里。你可能还需要调用 rowconfigure 和/或 columnconfigure 来给新的行和列设置合适的权重。

这里有一个稍微复杂一点的例子，展示了这个基本原理。虽然可能不是最有效率的，但希望能给你一个大致的概念：

import Tkinter as tk

class App(tk.Tk):
    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
        tk.Tk.__init__(self, *args, **kwargs)
        self.forms = []
        self.toolbar = tk.Frame(self)
        self.toolbar.pack(side="top", fill="x", expand=False)
        button2 = tk.Button(self.toolbar, text="2 columns", command=self.layout2col)
        button3 = tk.Button(self.toolbar, text="3 columns", command=self.layout3col)
        button2.pack(side="left")
        button3.pack(side="left")
        self.forms_frame = tk.Frame(self, borderwidth=2, relief="groove")
        self.forms_frame.pack(side="top", fill="both", expand="True", padx=2, pady=2)
        for i in range(6):
            frame = tk.LabelFrame(self.forms_frame, text="Form %s" % i)
            self.forms.append(frame)
            label = tk.Label(frame, text="Field %s" % i)
            entry = tk.Entry(frame, width=20)
            label.pack(side="left", fill="y")
            entry.pack(side="left", fill="both", expand=True)

        self.layout2col()

    def layout3col(self):
        self.forms[0].grid(column=0, row=0, padx=4, pady=2, sticky="ew")
        self.forms[1].grid(column=0, row=1, padx=4, pady=2, sticky="ew")
        self.forms[2].grid(column=1, row=0, padx=4, pady=2, sticky="ew")
        self.forms[3].grid(column=1, row=1, padx=4, pady=2, sticky="ew")
        self.forms[4].grid(column=2, row=0, padx=4, pady=2, sticky="ew")
        self.forms[5].grid(column=2, row=1, padx=4, pady=2, sticky="ew")
        self.forms_frame.grid_columnconfigure(0, weight=1)
        self.forms_frame.grid_columnconfigure(1, weight=1)
        self.forms_frame.grid_columnconfigure(2, weight=1)

    def layout2col(self):
        self.forms[0].grid(column=0, row=0, padx=4, pady=2, sticky="ew")
        self.forms[1].grid(column=0, row=1, padx=4, pady=2, sticky="ew")
        self.forms[2].grid(column=0, row=2, padx=4, pady=2, sticky="ew")
        self.forms[3].grid(column=1, row=0, padx=4, pady=2, sticky="ew")
        self.forms[4].grid(column=1, row=1, padx=4, pady=2, sticky="ew")
        self.forms[5].grid(column=1, row=2, padx=4, pady=2, sticky="ew")
        self.forms_frame.grid_columnconfigure(0, weight=1)
        self.forms_frame.grid_columnconfigure(1, weight=1)
        self.forms_frame.grid_columnconfigure(2, weight=0)

if __name__ == "__main__":
    app = App()
    app.mainloop()