如何使用Python xlrd/xlwt从一个Excel工作簿提取数据并输出到另一个工作簿？

Question

我正在尝试写一个脚本，自动将多个员工的时间表从不同的文件复制粘贴到一个汇总文件中。因为这些时间表里有项目代码，所以有些单元格会留空，表示员工那天在做其他项目。此外，这些文件是从 xlsx（2007）格式转换成了 .csv.xls，xlrd 似乎可以正常打开这些文件。

我知道怎么打开和创建一个书本对象，但我对这个模块的了解非常有限，所以我想也许一个通用的算法会对我有帮助：

import xlrd, xlwt

put all following in for or while loop to iterate through files:
book = xlrd.open_workbook('mybook.csv.xls')
extract data; store data for ouput
use for loop to iterate over data, output to final sheet
open next file, repeat process storing each output below the previous

我希望能找到任何能帮助我的信息，不仅仅是代码。任何帮助都非常感谢。谢谢。

Answer 1

我正在创建一个叫做 Excel 函数的类，主要是为了使用 xlutils、xlrd 和 xlwt，最终可能会把它做成一个库。如果你有兴趣帮忙，我正在尝试做一个删除工作表的功能。

你可能想考虑使用 openpyxl 或者 pyexcel，因为它们更简单，并且有现成的功能可以实现这个需求。

这里有关于如何使用 openpyxl 复制工作表的链接：使用 openpyxl 复制整个工作表

这是 pyexcel 的文档，它是 xlwt、xlrd 和 xlutils 的一个封装：https://pyexcel.readthedocs.io/en/latest/

如果你想从一个 Excel 工作簿中提取数据并输出到另一个工作簿，你可以使用 createCopy(original workbook, other workbook, original filename, new filename)

import xlwt
import xlrd
import xlutils.copy
import xlutils class excelFunctions():

def getSheetNumber(self, fileName, sheetName):

    # opens existing workbook
    workbook = xlrd.open_workbook(fileName, on_demand=True)

    #turns sheet name into sheet number       
    for index, sheet in enumerate(workbook.sheet_names()):
        if sheet == sheetName:
            return index


def createSheet(self, fileName, sheetName):

    # open existing workbook
    rb = xlrd.open_workbook(fileName, formatting_info=True, on_demand=True)

    # make a copy of it
    wb = xl_copy(rb)

    # creates a variable called sheets which stores all the sheet names
    sheets = rb.sheet_names()

    # creates a string which is equal to the sheetName user input
    str1 = sheetName

    # checks to see if the given sheetName is a current sheet
    if (str1 not in sheets):

        # add sheet to workbook with existing sheets
        Sheet = wb.add_sheet(sheetName)

        # save the sheet with the same file name as before
        wb.save(fileName)

    else:
        # this declares the sheet variable to be equal to the sheet name the user gives
        sheet = wb.get_sheet(self.getSheetNumber(fileName, sheetName))

        # save the sheet with the same file name as before
        wb.save(fileName)



def createCopy(self, fileName, fileName2, sheetName, sheetName2):


    # open existing workbook
    rb = xlrd.open_workbook(fileName, formatting_info=True)

    # defines sheet as the name of the sheet given
    sheet = rb.sheet_by_name(sheetName)

    # makes a copy of the original sheet
    wb = xl_copy(rb)

    # creates an int called column_count which is equal to the sheets maximum columns 
    column_count = sheet.ncols - 1

    # creates a blank array called stuff
    Stuff = []

    # this loops through adding columns from the given sheet name
    for i in range (0, column_count):
        Stuff.append([sheet.cell_value(row, i) for row in range(sheet.nrows)])

    # create a sheet if there is not already a sheet    
    self.createSheet(fileName, sheetName2)

    # defines sheet as the new sheet
    sheet = wb.get_sheet(self.getSheetNumber(fileName, sheetName2))

    # this writes to the sheet
    for colidx, col in enumerate(Stuff):
        for rowidx, row in enumerate(col):
            sheet.write(rowidx, colidx, row)

    # this saves the file
    wb.save(fileName2)

Answer 2

这可能会对你有帮助……它会尽量保持你的数据原样（日期仍然是日期，空单元格不会变成内容长度为0的文本单元格，布尔值和错误单元格也不会变成数字单元格）。

from xlrd import XL_CELL_EMPTY, XL_CELL_TEXT, XL_CELL_NUMBER,
    XL_CELL_DATE, XL_CELL_BOOLEAN, XL_CELL_ERROR, open_workbook
from xlwt import Row, easyxf, Workbook

method_for_type = {
    XL_CELL_TEXT:    Row.set_cell_text,
    XL_CELL_NUMBER:  Row.set_cell_number,
    XL_CELL_DATE:    Row.set_cell_number,
    XL_CELL_ERROR:   Row.set_cell_error,
    XL_CELL_BOOLEAN: Row.set_cell_boolean,
    }

date_style = easyxf(num_format_str='yyyy-mm-dd')
other_style = easyxf(num_format_str='General')

def append_sheet(rsheet, wsheet, wrowx=0):
    for rrowx in xrange(rsheet.nrows):
        rrowvalues = rsheet.row_values(rrowx)
        wrow = wsheet.row(wrowx)
        for rcolx, rtype in enumerate(rsheet.row_types(rrowx)):
            if rtype == XL_CELL_EMPTY: continue
            wcolx = rcolx
            wmethod = method_for_type[rtype]
            wstyle = date_style if rtype == XL_CELL_DATE else other_style
            wmethod(wrow, wcolx, rrowvalues[rcolx], wstyle) 
        wrowx += 1
    return wrowx

if __name__ == '__main__':
    import sys, xlrd, xlwt, glob
    rdpattern, wtfname = sys.argv[1:3]
    wtbook = Workbook()
    wtsheet = wtbook.add_sheet('guff')
    outrowx = 0
    for rdfname in glob.glob(rdpattern):
        rdbook = open_workbook(rdfname)
        rdsheet = rdbook.sheet_by_index(0)
        outrowx = append_sheet(rdsheet, wtsheet, outrowx)
        print outrowx
    wtbook.save(wtfname)