设置MySQLdb模块时遇到问题

Question

我在这里快抓狂了，想在我的Mac上设置MySQLdb，以便连接到一个远程的MySQL服务器。

1. 我已经安装了最新的C语言MySQL客户端库。
2. 我安装了XCode 4。
3. 我之前天真地在安装XCode或客户端库之前就尝试安装这个模块。

我正在尝试通过在终端运行以下命令来设置这个模块：

$ sudo python setup.py build

$ sudo python setup.py install

这两个命令都失败了，错误信息差不多。以下是第一个错误的详细信息：

running build
running build_py
copying MySQLdb/release.py -> build/lib.macosx-10.6-universal-2.6/MySQLdb
running build_ext
building '_mysql' extension
gcc-4.2 -fno-strict-aliasing -fno-common -dynamic -DNDEBUG -g -fwrapv -Os -Wall -Wstrict-prototypes -DENABLE_DTRACE -arch i386 -arch ppc -arch x86_64 -pipe -Dversion_info=(1,2,3,'final',0) -D__version__=1.2.3 -I/usr/include/mysql -I/System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.6/include/python2.6 -c _mysql.c -o build/temp.macosx-10.6-universal-2.6/_mysql.o -fno-omit-frame-pointer -pipe
In file included from _mysql.c:36:
/usr/include/mysql/my_config.h:1030:2: warning: #warning defining SIZEOF_CHARP = 4
/usr/include/mysql/my_config.h:1044:2: warning: #warning defining SIZEOF_LONG = 4
/usr/libexec/gcc/powerpc-apple-darwin10/4.2.1/as: assembler (/usr/bin/../libexec/gcc/darwin/ppc/as or /usr/bin/../local/libexec/gcc/darwin/ppc/as) for architecture ppc not installed
Installed assemblers are:
/usr/bin/../libexec/gcc/darwin/x86_64/as for architecture x86_64
/usr/bin/../libexec/gcc/darwin/i386/as for architecture i386
In file included from _mysql.c:36:
/usr/include/mysql/my_config.h:1030:2: warning: #warning defining SIZEOF_CHARP = 4
/usr/include/mysql/my_config.h:1044:2: warning: #warning defining SIZEOF_LONG = 4
/usr/include/mysql/my_config.h:1151:1: warning: "WORDS_BIGENDIAN" redefined
In file included from /System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.6/include/python2.6/Python.h:8,
                 from pymemcompat.h:10,
                 from _mysql.c:29:
/System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.6/include/python2.6/pyconfig.h:1014:1: warning: this is the location of the previous definition
_mysql.c:2888: fatal error: error writing to -: Broken pipe
compilation terminated.
In file included from _mysql.c:36:
/usr/include/mysql/my_config.h:1027:2: warning: #warning defining SIZEOF_CHARP = 8
/usr/include/mysql/my_config.h:1041:2: warning: #warning defining SIZEOF_LONG = 8
lipo: can't open input file: /var/tmp//ccU6bipK.out (No such file or directory)
error: command 'gcc-4.2' failed with exit status 1

这是第二个命令的错误详细信息：

running install
running bdist_egg
running egg_info
writing MySQL_python.egg-info/PKG-INFO
writing top-level names to MySQL_python.egg-info/top_level.txt
writing dependency_links to MySQL_python.egg-info/dependency_links.txt
reading manifest file 'MySQL_python.egg-info/SOURCES.txt'
reading manifest template 'MANIFEST.in'
warning: no files found matching 'MANIFEST'
warning: no files found matching 'ChangeLog'
warning: no files found matching 'GPL'
writing manifest file 'MySQL_python.egg-info/SOURCES.txt'
installing library code to build/bdist.macosx-10.6-universal/egg
running install_lib
running build_py
copying MySQLdb/release.py -> build/lib.macosx-10.6-universal-2.6/MySQLdb
running build_ext
building '_mysql' extension
gcc-4.2 -fno-strict-aliasing -fno-common -dynamic -DNDEBUG -g -fwrapv -Os -Wall -Wstrict-prototypes -DENABLE_DTRACE -arch i386 -arch ppc -arch x86_64 -pipe -Dversion_info=(1,2,3,'final',0) -D__version__=1.2.3 -I/usr/include/mysql -I/System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.6/include/python2.6 -c _mysql.c -o build/temp.macosx-10.6-universal-2.6/_mysql.o -fno-omit-frame-pointer -pipe
In file included from _mysql.c:36:
/usr/include/mysql/my_config.h:1030:2: warning: #warning defining SIZEOF_CHARP = 4
/usr/include/mysql/my_config.h:1044:2: warning: #warning defining SIZEOF_LONG = 4
/usr/libexec/gcc/powerpc-apple-darwin10/4.2.1/as: assembler (/usr/bin/../libexec/gcc/darwin/ppc/as or /usr/bin/../local/libexec/gcc/darwin/ppc/as) for architecture ppc not installed
Installed assemblers are:
/usr/bin/../libexec/gcc/darwin/x86_64/as for architecture x86_64
/usr/bin/../libexec/gcc/darwin/i386/as for architecture i386
In file included from _mysql.c:36:
/usr/include/mysql/my_config.h:1030:2: warning: #warning defining SIZEOF_CHARP = 4
/usr/include/mysql/my_config.h:1044:2: warning: #warning defining SIZEOF_LONG = 4
/usr/include/mysql/my_config.h:1151:1: warning: "WORDS_BIGENDIAN" redefined
In file included from /System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.6/include/python2.6/Python.h:8,
                 from pymemcompat.h:10,
                 from _mysql.c:29:
/System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.6/include/python2.6/pyconfig.h:1014:1: warning: this is the location of the previous definition
_mysql.c:2888: fatal error: error writing to -: Broken pipe
compilation terminated.
In file included from _mysql.c:36:
/usr/include/mysql/my_config.h:1027:2: warning: #warning defining SIZEOF_CHARP = 8
/usr/include/mysql/my_config.h:1041:2: warning: #warning defining SIZEOF_LONG = 8
lipo: can't open input file: /var/tmp//cchhckGP.out (No such file or directory)
error: command 'gcc-4.2' failed with exit status 1

我已经折腾了好几天了，快要让我崩溃了。任何帮助都会非常感激！

Answer 1

我刚找到另一种解决办法。 我遇到的问题和你一样，我的Python版本是2.7.4，还有Xcode 4。也许你和我一样，装的是32位的Python。所以我把它换成了2.7.5的64位版本，这样就没有问题了。

Answer 2

你选择安装了新版本的 Xcode 4，这让你自己陷入了一些麻烦，因为 Xcode 3 才是和 Mac OS X 10.6 一起发布的最新版本。你现在遇到的直接问题是，Python 在构建 C 扩展模块时，使用的是和 Python 自身构建时相同的配置。对于 10.6 来说，这个配置包括三种架构：i386、x86_64 和 ppc（为了兼容早期系统上构建的程序）。显然，Xcode 4 已经不再支持构建 ppc 架构了。你或许可以通过使用 ARCHFLAGS 环境变量来轻松解决这个问题，这个变量可以覆盖 Python 的 Distutils 在构建扩展模块时使用的架构设置。你可以试试这样做（我没有 Xcode 4 所以没法测试）：

sudo bash
export ARCHFLAGS='-arch i386 -arch x86_64'
rm -r build
python setup.py build
python setup.py install

更好的解决办法是，不要尝试在 10.6 上使用系统自带的 Python 和 MySQL 的二进制安装包来安装 MySQLdb。相反，建议通过像 MacPorts 这样的包管理工具来安装所有内容，这样会更完整。