如何解决PyTube中的HTTP 400错误：错误请求？

Question

我用pyTube库做了一个简单的三行代码项目。这个项目的功能就是从YouTube上下载视频。我通常用它下载手球比赛的视频，时长大约100分钟。七天前我最后一次使用的时候一切都很好，但现在却出现了“HTTP错误400：错误请求”的问题。

from pytube import YouTube

youtubeObject = YouTube('https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DASMWPUFFP4')

youtubeObject = youtubeObject.streams.get_highest_resolution()

youtubeObject.download('D:\\Utakmice')

它可以下载短一点的视频，但对于其他类似长度（大约100分钟）的影片就不行了。我尝试升级pyTube库和清理浏览器缓存，但都没有用。我还试着深入研究urllib，但也没有找到任何线索。我遇到的错误是：

urllib.error.HTTPError: HTTP Error 400: Bad Request

在网上找不到任何解决方案，所以希望能得到一些帮助。提前谢谢大家。

编辑-问题已解决

我在pytube的GitHub上发现了一个关于这个问题的讨论。解决方法是需要在innertube.py文件中更改某些客户端版本。问题的链接是： https://github.com/pytube/pytube/issues/1894#issue-2180600881

Answer 1

看起来你遇到的错误是因为发送给YouTube服务器的请求不太对劲。

错误追踪（最近的调用最后）：

    File "/var/www/html/ytd_web_app/venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/flask/app.py", line 2213, in __call__
    return self.wsgi_app(environ, start_response)
    File "/var/www/html/ytd_web_app/venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/flask/app.py", line 2193, in wsgi_app
    response = self.handle_exception(e)
    File "/var/www/html/ytd_web_app/venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/flask/app.py", line 2190, in wsgi_app
    response = self.full_dispatch_request()
    File "/var/www/html/ytd_web_app/venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/flask/app.py", line 1486, in full_dispatch_request
    rv = self.handle_user_exception(e)
    File "/var/www/html/ytd_web_app/venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/flask/app.py", line 1484, in full_dispatch_request
    rv = self.dispatch_request()
    File "/var/www/html/ytd_web_app/venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/flask/app.py", line 1469, in dispatch_request
    return self.ensure_sync(self.view_functions[rule.endpoint])(**view_args)
    File "/var/www/html/ytd_web_app/Routes/Media.py", line 90, in getMedia
    file = getMetaData(file_name)
    File "/var/www/html/ytd_web_app/Routes/Media.py", line 43, in getMetaData
    response = json.dumps(media.verifyPlatform(), indent=4)
    File "/var/www/html/ytd_web_app/Models/Media.py", line 164, in verifyPlatform
    "data": self.handleYouTube()
    File "/var/www/html/ytd_web_app/Models/Media.py", line 227, in handleYouTube
    youtube = self._YouTubeDownloader.search()
    File "/var/www/html/ytd_web_app/Models/YouTubeDownloader.py", line 297, in search
    "author_channel": self.getVideo().channel_url,
    File "/var/www/html/ytd_web_app/venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/pytube/__main__.py", line 432, in channel_url
    return f'https://www.youtube.com/channel/{self.channel_id}'
    File "/var/www/html/ytd_web_app/venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/pytube/__main__.py", line 424, in channel_id
    return self.vid_info.get('videoDetails', {}).get('channelId', None)
    File "/var/www/html/ytd_web_app/venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/pytube/__main__.py", line 246, in vid_info
    innertube_response = innertube.player(self.video_id)
    File "/var/www/html/ytd_web_app/venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/pytube/innertube.py", line 448, in player
    return self._call_api(endpoint, query, self.base_data)
    File "/var/www/html/ytd_web_app/venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/pytube/innertube.py", line 390, in _call_api
    response = request._execute_request(
    File "/var/www/html/ytd_web_app/venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/pytube/request.py", line 37, in _execute_request
    return urlopen(request, timeout=timeout)  # nosec
    File "/usr/lib/python3.10/urllib/request.py", line 216, in urlopen
    return opener.open(url, data, timeout)
    File "/usr/lib/python3.10/urllib/request.py", line 525, in open
    response = meth(req, response)
    File "/usr/lib/python3.10/urllib/request.py", line 634, in http_response
    response = self.parent.error(
    File "/usr/lib/python3.10/urllib/request.py", line 563, in error
    return self._call_chain(*args)
    File "/usr/lib/python3.10/urllib/request.py", line 496, in _call_chain
    result = func(*args)
    File "/usr/lib/python3.10/urllib/request.py", line 643, in http_error_default
    raise HTTPError(req.full_url, code, msg, hdrs, fp)
    urllib.error.HTTPError: HTTP Error 400: Bad Request

而且，这个错误是客户端的问题，因为这是一个POST请求。经过进一步的研究和分析发现，PyTube使用的是1.0版本，而YouTube的API最新版本是3.0。

def _execute_request(
    url: str,
    method: str | None = None,
    headers: dict[str, str] | None = None,
    data: bytes | None = None,
    timeout: float = socket._GLOBAL_DEFAULT_TIMEOUT
) -> _UrlopenRet:
    """
    Executing the request from the PyTube's API towards the
    YouTube API endpoint to retrieve the Stream's data.
    
    Parameters:
        url: string: The uniform resource locator of the API endpoint.
        method: string: The HTTP request method to be used.
        headers: object: The HTTP headers to be used by the API.
        data: bytes: The data to be passed into the request.
        timeout: float: The timeout delay to close the connection.

    Returns:
        _UrlopenRet
    """
    base_headers = {"User-Agent": "Mozilla/5.0", "accept-language": "en-US,en"}
    if headers:
        base_headers.update(headers)
    if data:
        if not isinstance(data, bytes):
            data = bytes(json.dumps(data), encoding="utf-8")
    if url.lower().startswith("http"):
        request = Request(url, headers=base_headers, method=method, data=data)
    else:
        raise ValueError("Invalid URL")
    return urlopen(request, timeout=timeout)

def _call_api(self, endpoint: str, query: list[str], data: bytes):
    """
    Generating the request to a given endpoint withe the
    provided query parameters and data.

    Parameters:
        endpoint: string: The uniform resource locator of the endpoint to the YouTube's API.
        query: array: The HTTP query to be sent to the API.
        data: bytes: The data to be passed into the request.
    """
    if self.use_oauth:
        del query['key']
    endpoint_url = f'{endpoint}?{parse.urlencode(query)}'
    headers = {
        'Content-Type': 'application/json',
    }
    if self.use_oauth:
        if self.access_token:
            self.refresh_bearer_token()
            headers['Authorization'] = f'Bearer {self.access_token}'
        else:
            self.fetch_bearer_token()
            headers['Authorization'] = f'Bearer {self.access_token}'
    headers.update(self.header)
    response = request._execute_request(
        endpoint_url,
        'POST',
        headers=headers,
        data=data
    )
    return json.loads(response.read())

def player(self, video_id: str) -> dict:
    """
    Making the request to the player endpoint.
    
    Parameters:
        video_id: string: The identifier of the video to get the player data for.

    Returns:
        object
    """
    endpoint = f'{self.base_url}/player'
    query = {
        'videoId': video_id,
    }
    query.update(self.base_params)
    return self._call_api(endpoint, query, self.base_data)

@property
def base_url(self) -> str:
    """
    Returning the base uniform resource locator endpoint for the
    InnerTube API.

    Returns:
        string
    """
    return 'https://www.youtube.com/youtubei/v1'