剪切numpy数组

9 投票
5 回答
5652 浏览
提问于 2025-04-16 11:50

我想对一个numpy数组进行“剪切”。我不太确定我用“剪切”这个词是否正确;我指的剪切是这样的:

把第一列不动
把第二列移动1个位置
把第三列移动2个位置
依此类推...

所以这个数组:

array([[11, 12, 13],
       [17, 18, 19],
       [35, 36, 37]])

会变成这样的数组:

array([[11, 36, 19],
       [17, 12, 37],
       [35, 18, 13]])

或者像这样的数组:

array([[11,  0,  0],
       [17, 12,  0],
       [35, 18, 13]])

这取决于我们如何处理边缘部分。我对边缘的处理方式没有太多要求。

这是我尝试写的一个函数来实现这个功能:

import numpy

def shear(a, strength=1, shift_axis=0, increase_axis=1, edges='clip'):
    strength = int(strength)
    shift_axis = int(shift_axis)
    increase_axis = int(increase_axis)
    if shift_axis == increase_axis:
        raise UserWarning("Shear can't shift in the direction it increases")
    temp = numpy.zeros(a.shape, dtype=int)
    indices = []
    for d, num in enumerate(a.shape):
        coords = numpy.arange(num)
        shape = [1] * len(a.shape)
        shape[d] = num
        coords = coords.reshape(shape) + temp
        indices.append(coords)
    indices[shift_axis] -= strength * indices[increase_axis]
    if edges == 'clip':
        indices[shift_axis][indices[shift_axis] < 0] = -1
        indices[shift_axis][indices[shift_axis] >= a.shape[shift_axis]] = -1
        res = a[indices]
        res[indices[shift_axis] == -1] = 0
    elif edges == 'roll':
        indices[shift_axis] %= a.shape[shift_axis]
        res = a[indices]
    return res

if __name__ == '__main__':
    a = numpy.random.random((3,4))
    print a
    print shear(a)

看起来是有效的。如果不行,请告诉我!

不过我觉得这个方法有点笨拙,不太优雅。我是不是忽略了numpy或scipy里已经有的现成函数?有没有更简单、更好、更高效的方法来在numpy中做到这一点?我是不是在重复造轮子?

编辑:
如果这个方法能在N维数组上也能用,而不仅仅是2D的,那就更好了。

这个函数将在我数据处理的循环中反复使用,所以我觉得优化它是很有必要的。

第二次编辑:
我终于做了一些性能测试。看起来numpy.roll是个不错的选择,尽管有循环。谢谢,tom10和Sven Marnach!

性能测试代码:(在Windows上运行,不要在Linux上使用time.clock,我觉得)

import time, numpy

def shear_1(a, strength=1, shift_axis=0, increase_axis=1, edges='roll'):
    strength = int(strength)
    shift_axis = int(shift_axis)
    increase_axis = int(increase_axis)
    if shift_axis == increase_axis:
        raise UserWarning("Shear can't shift in the direction it increases")
    temp = numpy.zeros(a.shape, dtype=int)
    indices = []
    for d, num in enumerate(a.shape):
        coords = numpy.arange(num)
        shape = [1] * len(a.shape)
        shape[d] = num
        coords = coords.reshape(shape) + temp
        indices.append(coords)
    indices[shift_axis] -= strength * indices[increase_axis]
    if edges == 'clip':
        indices[shift_axis][indices[shift_axis] < 0] = -1
        indices[shift_axis][indices[shift_axis] >= a.shape[shift_axis]] = -1
        res = a[indices]
        res[indices[shift_axis] == -1] = 0
    elif edges == 'roll':
        indices[shift_axis] %= a.shape[shift_axis]
        res = a[indices]
    return res

def shear_2(a, strength=1, shift_axis=0, increase_axis=1, edges='roll'):
    indices = numpy.indices(a.shape)
    indices[shift_axis] -= strength * indices[increase_axis]
    indices[shift_axis] %= a.shape[shift_axis]
    res = a[tuple(indices)]
    if edges == 'clip':
        res[indices[shift_axis] < 0] = 0
        res[indices[shift_axis] >= a.shape[shift_axis]] = 0
    return res

def shear_3(a, strength=1, shift_axis=0, increase_axis=1):
    if shift_axis > increase_axis:
        shift_axis -= 1
    res = numpy.empty_like(a)
    index = numpy.index_exp[:] * increase_axis
    roll = numpy.roll
    for i in range(0, a.shape[increase_axis]):
        index_i = index + (i,)
        res[index_i] = roll(a[index_i], i * strength, shift_axis)
    return res

numpy.random.seed(0)
for a in (
    numpy.random.random((3, 3, 3, 3)),
    numpy.random.random((50, 50, 50, 50)),
    numpy.random.random((300, 300, 10, 10)),
    ):
    print 'Array dimensions:', a.shape
    for sa, ia in ((0, 1), (1, 0), (2, 3), (0, 3)):
        print 'Shift axis:', sa
        print 'Increase axis:', ia
        ref = shear_1(a, shift_axis=sa, increase_axis=ia)
        for shear, label in ((shear_1, '1'), (shear_2, '2'), (shear_3, '3')):
            start = time.clock()
            b = shear(a, shift_axis=sa, increase_axis=ia)
            end = time.clock()
            print label + ': %0.6f seconds'%(end-start)
            if (b - ref).max() > 1e-9:
                print "Something's wrong."
        print

5 个回答

8

numpy的 roll 函数可以做到这一点。比如说,如果你原来的数组是x,那么

for i in range(x.shape[1]):
    x[:,i] = np.roll(x[:,i], i)

就会产生

[[11 36 19]
 [17 12 37]
 [35 18 13]]
8

这可以通过一个技巧来实现,具体内容可以参考Joe Kington的这个回答

from numpy.lib.stride_tricks import as_strided
a = numpy.array([[11, 12, 13],
                 [17, 18, 19],
                 [35, 36, 37]])
shift_axis = 0
increase_axis = 1
b = numpy.vstack((a, a))
strides = list(b.strides)
strides[increase_axis] -= strides[shift_axis]
strides = (b.strides[0], b.strides[1] - b.strides[0])
as_strided(b, shape=b.shape, strides=strides)[a.shape[0]:]
# array([[11, 36, 19],
#        [17, 12, 37],
#        [35, 18, 13]])

如果想要得到“clip”而不是“roll”,可以使用

b = numpy.vstack((numpy.zeros(a.shape, int), a))

这可能是最有效的方法,因为它完全不使用任何Python循环。

8

tom10的回答中的方法可以扩展到任意维度:

def shear3(a, strength=1, shift_axis=0, increase_axis=1):
    if shift_axis > increase_axis:
        shift_axis -= 1
    res = numpy.empty_like(a)
    index = numpy.index_exp[:] * increase_axis
    roll = numpy.roll
    for i in range(0, a.shape[increase_axis]):
        index_i = index + (i,)
        res[index_i] = roll(a[index_i], -i * strength, shift_axis)
    return res

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