获取触发某信号的进程的PID

Question

有没有办法找出哪个进程发出了某个信号？在我的情况下，我有多个子进程在运行，我想知道是其中哪个子进程发送了这个信号。

Answer 1

这是一种非阻塞的方法，用来获取在Unix系统中触发SIGCHLD信号的子进程的PID（进程ID）：

import os
import signal


def sigchld_handler(_sig, _frame):
    try:
        child_pid, _ = os.waitpid(-1, os.WNOHANG)
    except OSError:
        return
    print(child_pid)


signal.signal(signal.SIGCHLD, sigchld_handler)

Answer 2

POSIX Linux 确实提供了这些信息，可以查看 man sigaction(2)：http://linux.die.net/man/2/sigaction

在 C 语言中，我很容易就让它运行起来了：

#include <stdio.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <signal.h>

static void my_handler(int signum, siginfo_t *siginfo, void *context) {
    printf("Got signal '%d' from process '%d' of user '%d'\n",
        signum, siginfo->si_pid, siginfo->si_uid);
}

int main(void) {
    struct sigaction act;
    memset(&act, '\0', sizeof(act));
    act.sa_sigaction = &my_handler;
    act.sa_flags = SA_SIGINFO;
    sigaction(SIGUSR1, &act, NULL);
    printf("Hi, my pid is %d\ntalk to me with 'kill -SIGUSR1 %d'\n", getpid(), getpid());
    while(1)
        sleep(1000);
    return 0;
}

在我的 3.1.6 原版内核和 gcc 4.4.5 上运行得很好——但我在 Python 中找不到任何支持。

所以我开始尝试自己构建一些东西（不过因为我之前从没做过 C 和 Python 的交互，可能会有点乱...）

我大致上是按照这个例子在做：http://docs.python.org/extending/extending.html，并根据这个链接构建模块：http://docs.python.org/extending/building.html#building

sigpidmodule.c

#include <Python.h>
#include <signal.h>

static PyObject *callback = NULL;

static void direct_handler(int signum, siginfo_t *siginfo, void *context) {
    int pid = (int) siginfo->si_pid;
    printf("c: Signal reached c handler: signum=%d, pid=%d, handler=%p\n", 
        signum, pid, callback);
    if ( callback != NULL ) {
        PyObject *arglist = Py_BuildValue("(i,i)", signum, pid);
        printf("c: calling python callback\n");
        PyObject *result = PyObject_CallObject(callback, arglist);
        // decrease reference counter
        Py_DECREF(arglist);
        Py_DECREF(result);
    }
}

static PyObject *sigpid_register(PyObject *self, PyObject *args) {
    PyObject *result = NULL;
    PyObject *temp;
    if ( PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "O:set_callback", &temp) ) {
        if ( !PyCallable_Check(temp) ) {
            PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError, "parameter must be callable");
            return NULL;
        }
    }
    Py_XINCREF(temp);     // inc refcount on new callback
    Py_XDECREF(callback); // dec refcount on old callback
    callback = temp;      // replace old callback with new
    printf("c: callback now: %p\n", (void *) callback);
    // return None
    Py_RETURN_NONE;
}

static PyObject *sigpid_ping(PyObject *self, PyObject *args) {
    if ( callback != NULL ) {
        PyObject *arglist = Py_BuildValue("(i,i)", 42, 23);
        printf("c: calling callback...\n");
        PyObject *result = PyObject_CallObject(callback, arglist);
        // decrease ref counters
        Py_DECREF(arglist);
        Py_DECREF(result);
    }
    // return None:
    Py_RETURN_NONE;
}

static PyMethodDef SigPidMethods[] = {
    {"register", sigpid_register, METH_VARARGS, "Register callback for SIGUSR1"},
    {"ping", sigpid_ping, METH_VARARGS, "Test if callback is working"},
    {NULL, NULL, 0, NULL},
};

PyMODINIT_FUNC initsigpid(void) {
    // initialize module:
    (void) Py_InitModule("sigpid", SigPidMethods);
    // set sighandler:
    struct sigaction act;
    memset(&act, '\0', sizeof(act));
    act.sa_sigaction = &direct_handler;
    act.sa_flags = SA_SIGINFO;
    sigaction(SIGUSR1, &act, NULL);
}

用于构建模块的 setup.py：

from distutils.core import setup, Extension

module1 = Extension('sigpid', sources= ['sigpidmodule.c'])

setup (name='SigPid', version='1.0', 
    description='SigPidingStuff', 
    ext_modules = [module1])

用以下命令构建模块：

python setup.py build

所以，接下来缺少的是使用这个模块的 Python 脚本：test.py

import sigpid
import time, os

def callme(num, pid):
    '''
    Callback function to be called from c module
    '''
    print "py: got %d from %d\n" % (num, pid)

# register the callback:
sigpid.register(callme)

print "py: Hi, I'm %d, talk to me with 'kill -SIGUSR1 %d'" %(os.getpid(),os.getpid())
# wait for signal while doing nothing:
while True:
    time.sleep(1)

一切都运行得很好... 直到：

python test.py

或者我必须这样调用它才能正确加载库：

PYTHONPATH=build/lib.linux-i686-2.6 python test.py

输出：

c: callback now: 0xb744f534
py: Hi, I'm 2255, talk to me with 'kill -SIGUSR1 2255'
(from other term: kill -SIGUSR1 2255)
c: Signal reached c handler: signum=10, pid=2948, handler=0xb744f534
c: calling python callback
Segmentation fault

我不知道为什么会出现这个段错误（segfault），而且我也快没有想法去修复它了。我想这可能和 C 语言与 Python 的交互有关（我能想到一些原因，但都只是猜测）。也许有经验的人可以帮忙（或者至少解释一下具体问题是什么）。我们可能在 Linux 上有办法解决这个问题。

Answer 3

用Python 3来做这件事（终于！）变得非常简单。

下面的内容是在Python 3.3.3版本上测试过的：

#! /usr/bin/python3

import signal
import time, os

def callme(num, frame):
    pass

# register the callback:
signal.signal(signal.SIGUSR1, callme)

print("py: Hi, I'm %d, talk to me with 'kill -SIGUSR1 %d'"
      % (os.getpid(),os.getpid()))

# wait for signal info:
while True:
    siginfo = signal.sigwaitinfo({signal.SIGUSR1})
    print("py: got %d from %d by user %d\n" % (siginfo.si_signo,
                                             siginfo.si_pid,
                                             siginfo.si_uid))

获取触发某信号的进程的PID

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