捕获python异常信息

928 投票
15 回答
1466391 浏览
提问于 2025-04-16 09:57
import ftplib
import urllib2
import os
import logging
logger = logging.getLogger('ftpuploader')
hdlr = logging.FileHandler('ftplog.log')
formatter = logging.Formatter('%(asctime)s %(levelname)s %(message)s')
hdlr.setFormatter(formatter)
logger.addHandler(hdlr)
logger.setLevel(logging.INFO)
FTPADDR = "some ftp address"

def upload_to_ftp(con, filepath):
    try:
        f = open(filepath,'rb')                # file to send
        con.storbinary('STOR '+ filepath, f)         # Send the file
        f.close()                                # Close file and FTP
        logger.info('File successfully uploaded to '+ FTPADDR)
    except, e:
        logger.error('Failed to upload to ftp: '+ str(e))

这似乎不太管用,我遇到了语法错误,正确的方法是什么,才能把所有类型的异常记录到一个文件里呢?

15 个回答

97

如果你想获取错误的类别、错误信息和调用栈,可以使用 sys.exc_info()

下面是一些格式化的简单示例代码:

import sys
import traceback

try:
    ans = 1/0
except BaseException as ex:
    # Get current system exception
    ex_type, ex_value, ex_traceback = sys.exc_info()

    # Extract unformatter stack traces as tuples
    trace_back = traceback.extract_tb(ex_traceback)

    # Format stacktrace
    stack_trace = list()

    for trace in trace_back:
        stack_trace.append("File : %s , Line : %d, Func.Name : %s, Message : %s" % (trace[0], trace[1], trace[2], trace[3]))

    print("Exception type : %s " % ex_type.__name__)
    print("Exception message : %s" %ex_value)
    print("Stack trace : %s" %stack_trace)

运行后会得到以下输出:

Exception type : ZeroDivisionError
Exception message : division by zero
Stack trace : ['File : .\\test.py , Line : 5, Func.Name : <module>, Message : ans = 1/0']

这个 sys.exc_info() 函数会告诉你最近发生的错误的详细信息。它会返回一个包含 (类型, 值, 调用栈) 的元组。

调用栈 是一个 traceback 对象的实例。你可以使用提供的方法来格式化这个调用栈。想了解更多,可以查看 调用栈文档

386

这种写法在Python 3中不再支持了。请使用下面的替代方法。

try:
    do_something()
except BaseException as e:
    logger.error('Failed to do something: ' + str(e))
1217

你需要先确定你想要捕捉哪种类型的错误。所以要写 except Exception as e:,而不是 except, e: 来捕捉一般的错误。

另一种写法是把整个尝试/捕捉的代码这样写:

try:
    with open(filepath,'rb') as f:
        con.storbinary('STOR '+ filepath, f)
    logger.info('File successfully uploaded to '+ FTPADDR)
except Exception as e:      # works on python 3.x
    logger.error('Failed to upload to ftp: %s', repr(e))

在旧版本的 Python 2.x 中,要用 except Exception, e 来代替 except Exception as e

try:
    with open(filepath,'rb') as f:
        con.storbinary('STOR '+ filepath, f)
    logger.info('File successfully uploaded to %s', FTPADDR)
except Exception, e:        # works on python 2.x
    logger.error('Failed to upload to ftp: %s', repr(e))

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