在Python中写入XML文件时文件损坏

Question

我正在尝试把 xml.dom.minidom 对象的内容写入文件。我的想法很简单，就是用 'writexml' 方法：

import codecs

def write_xml_native():
    # Building DOM from XML
    xmldoc = minidom.parse('semio2.xml')
    f = codecs.open('codified.xml', mode='w', encoding='utf-8')
    # Using native writexml() method to write
    xmldoc.writexml(f, encoding="utf=8")
    f.close()

但问题是，这样会导致文件中的非拉丁编码文本出现乱码。另一种方法是获取文本字符串，然后直接写入文件：

def write_xml():
    # Building DOM from XML
    xmldoc = minidom.parse('semio2.xml')
    # Opening file for writing UTF-8, which is XML's default encoding
    f = codecs.open('codified3.xml', mode='w', encoding='utf-8')
    # Writing XML in UTF-8 encoding, as recommended in the documentation
    f.write(xmldoc.toxml("utf-8"))
    f.close()

这样会出现以下错误：

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "D:\Projects\Semio\semioparser.py", line 45, in <module>
    write_xml()
  File "D:\Projects\Semio\semioparser.py", line 42, in write_xml
    f.write(xmldoc.toxml(encoding="utf-8"))
  File "C:\Python26\lib\codecs.py", line 686, in write
    return self.writer.write(data)
  File "C:\Python26\lib\codecs.py", line 351, in write
    data, consumed = self.encode(object, self.errors)
UnicodeDecodeError: 'ascii' codec can't decode byte 0xd0 in position 2064: ordinal not in range(128)

我该如何把 XML 文本写入文件呢？我漏掉了什么吗？

编辑：通过添加解码语句，错误得以修复： f.write(xmldoc.toxml("utf-8").decode("utf-8")) 但是俄文符号仍然出现乱码。

在解释器中查看文本时没有问题，但写入文件后就出现了问题。

Answer 1

试试这个：

with open("codified.xml", "w") as f:
    f.write(xmldoc.toxml("utf-8").decode("utf-8"))

这个方法对我有效（不过是在Python 3环境下）。

Answer 2

嗯，这个应该可以工作：

xml = minidom.parse("test.xml")
with codecs.open("out.xml", "w", "utf-8") as out:
    xml.writexml(out)

你也可以试试这个：

with codecs.open("test.xml", "r", "utf-8") as inp:
    xml = minidom.parseString(inp.read().encode("utf-8"))
with codecs.open("out.xml", "w", "utf-8") as out:
    xml.writexml(out)

更新：如果你是从字符串对象构建xml的话，在传给minidom解析器之前，你需要先对它进行编码，像这样：

#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

import codecs
import xml.dom.minidom as minidom

xml = minidom.parseString(u"<ru>Тест</ru>".encode("utf-8"))
with codecs.open("out.xml", "w", "utf-8") as out:
    xml.writexml(out)