如何在tkinter中设置按钮宽度？

Question

我正在用Python和Tkinter做一个简单的图形界面计算器。不过，按钮的宽度经常会差1或2个像素。有没有办法让所有按钮的宽度都一样？

我知道有一个ipadx的方法；但是这个方法会在按钮的两边都加像素。这在按钮宽度是奇数的时候会造成问题。

那么，怎样才能让按钮的宽度保持一致呢？

这是我的代码：

self.SC.Ca.Btn7 = Tkinter.Button(self.SC.Ca.BtnFrame, text="7", bd=self.SCbw, fg=self.SCfg,
                                 bg=self.SCbg, activeforeground=self.SCfg, activebackground=self.SCbg, font=self.SCfob)
self.SC.Ca.Btn7.grid(column=0, row=0, padx=px, pady=py)

self.SC.Ca.Btn8 = Tkinter.Button(self.SC.Ca.BtnFrame, text="8", bd=self.SCbw, fg=self.SCfg,
                                 bg=self.SCbg, activeforeground=self.SCfg, activebackground=self.SCbg, font=self.SCfob)
self.SC.Ca.Btn8.grid(column=1, row=0, padx=px, pady=py)

self.SC.Ca.Btn9 = Tkinter.Button(self.SC.Ca.BtnFrame, text="9", bd=self.SCbw, fg=self.SCfg,
                                 bg=self.SCbg, activeforeground=self.SCfg, activebackground=self.SCbg, font=self.SCfob)
self.SC.Ca.Btn9.grid(column=2, row=0, padx=px, pady=py)

self.SC.Ca.Btn4 = Tkinter.Button(self.SC.Ca.BtnFrame, text="4", bd=self.SCbw, fg=self.SCfg,
                                 bg=self.SCbg, activeforeground=self.SCfg, activebackground=self.SCbg, font=self.SCfob)
self.SC.Ca.Btn4.grid(column=0, row=1, padx=px, pady=py)

self.SC.Ca.Btn5 = Tkinter.Button(self.SC.Ca.BtnFrame, text="5", bd=self.SCbw, fg=self.SCfg,
                                 bg=self.SCbg, activeforeground=self.SCfg, activebackground=self.SCbg, font=self.SCfob)
self.SC.Ca.Btn5.grid(column=1, row=1, padx=px, pady=py)

self.SC.Ca.Btn6 = Tkinter.Button(self.SC.Ca.BtnFrame, text="6", bd=self.SCbw, fg=self.SCfg,
                                 bg=self.SCbg, activeforeground=self.SCfg, activebackground=self.SCbg, font=self.SCfob)
self.SC.Ca.Btn6.grid(column=2, row=1, padx=px, pady=py)

self.SC.Ca.Btn1 = Tkinter.Button(self.SC.Ca.BtnFrame, text="1", bd=self.SCbw, fg=self.SCfg,
                                 bg=self.SCbg, activeforeground=self.SCfg, activebackground=self.SCbg, font=self.SCfob)
self.SC.Ca.Btn1.grid(column=0, row=2, padx=px, pady=py)

self.SC.Ca.Btn2 = Tkinter.Button(self.SC.Ca.BtnFrame, text="2", bd=self.SCbw, fg=self.SCfg,
                                 bg=self.SCbg, activeforeground=self.SCfg, activebackground=self.SCbg, font=self.SCfob)
self.SC.Ca.Btn2.grid(column=1, row=2, padx=px, pady=py)

self.SC.Ca.Btn3 = Tkinter.Button(self.SC.Ca.BtnFrame, text="3", bd=self.SCbw, fg=self.SCfg,
                                 bg=self.SCbg, activeforeground=self.SCfg, activebackground=self.SCbg, font=self.SCfob)
self.SC.Ca.Btn3.grid(column=2, row=2, padx=px, pady=py)

self.SC.Ca.Btn0 = Tkinter.Button(self.SC.Ca.BtnFrame, text="0", bd=self.SCbw, fg=self.SCfg,
                                 bg=self.SCbg, activeforeground=self.SCfg, activebackground=self.SCbg, font=self.SCfob)
self.SC.Ca.Btn0.grid(column=0, row=3, columnspan=2, ipadx=13, padx=px, pady=py)

self.SC.Ca.BtnPe = Tkinter.Button(self.SC.Ca.BtnFrame, text=".", bd=self.SCbw, fg=self.SCfg,
                                 bg=self.SCbg, activeforeground=self.SCfg, activebackground=self.SCbg, font=self.SCfob)
self.SC.Ca.BtnPe.grid(column=2, row=3, ipadx=2, padx=px, pady=py)



self.SC.Ca.OppBtnFrame = Tkinter.Frame(self.SC.Ca.MainFrame, bd=self.SCbw, bg=self.SCbg)
self.SC.Ca.OppBtnFrame.grid(column=1, row=2)


self.SC.Ca.BtnPN = Tkinter.Button(self.SC.Ca.OppBtnFrame, text="±", bd=self.SCbw, fg=self.SCfg,
                                 bg=self.SCbg, activeforeground=self.SCfg, activebackground=self.SCbg, font=self.SCfob)
self.SC.Ca.BtnPN.grid(column=0, row=0, ipadx=4, padx=px, pady=py)

self.SC.Ca.BtnSl = Tkinter.Button(self.SC.Ca.OppBtnFrame, text="/", bd=self.SCbw, fg=self.SCfg,
                                 bg=self.SCbg, activeforeground=self.SCfg, activebackground=self.SCbg, font=self.SCfob)
self.SC.Ca.BtnSl.grid(column=0, row=1, ipadx=3, padx=px, pady=py)

self.SC.Ca.BtnSu = Tkinter.Button(self.SC.Ca.OppBtnFrame, text="-", bd=self.SCbw, fg=self.SCfg,
                                 bg=self.SCbg, activeforeground=self.SCfg, activebackground=self.SCbg, font=self.SCfob)
self.SC.Ca.BtnSu.grid(column=0, row=2, ipadx=2, padx=px, pady=py)

self.SC.Ca.BtnSR = Tkinter.Button(self.SC.Ca.OppBtnFrame, text="√", bd=self.SCbw, fg=self.SCfg,
                                 bg=self.SCbg, activeforeground=self.SCfg, activebackground=self.SCbg, font=self.SCfob)
self.SC.Ca.BtnSR.grid(column=1, row=0, ipadx=1, padx=px, pady=py)



self.SC.Ca.BtnCl = Tkinter.Button(self.SC.Ca.OppBtnFrame, text="C", bd=self.SCbw, fg=self.SCfg,
                                 bg=self.SCbg, activeforeground=self.SCfg, activebackground=self.SCbg, font=self.SCfob)
self.SC.Ca.BtnCl.grid(column=0, row=3, ipadx=0, padx=px, pady=py)

self.SC.Ca.BtnSt = Tkinter.Button(self.SC.Ca.OppBtnFrame, text="*", bd=self.SCbw, fg=self.SCfg,
                                 bg=self.SCbg, activeforeground=self.SCfg, activebackground=self.SCbg, font=self.SCfob)
self.SC.Ca.BtnSt.grid(column=1, row=1, ipadx=1, padx=px, pady=py)

self.SC.Ca.BtnAd = Tkinter.Button(self.SC.Ca.OppBtnFrame, text="+", bd=self.SCbw, fg=self.SCfg,
                                 bg=self.SCbg, activeforeground=self.SCfg, activebackground=self.SCbg, font=self.SCfob)
self.SC.Ca.BtnAd.grid(column=1, row=2, ipadx=1, padx=px, pady=py)

self.SC.Ca.BtnEq = Tkinter.Button(self.SC.Ca.OppBtnFrame, text="=", bd=self.SCbw, fg=self.SCfg,
                                 bg=self.SCbg, activeforeground=self.SCfg, activebackground=self.SCbg, font=self.SCfob)
self.SC.Ca.BtnEq.grid(column=1, row=3, ipadx=1, padx=px, pady=py)

Answer 1

使用 grid 布局管理器的 sticky 选项，可以让按钮紧贴它所在单元格的四个边（也就是 Tkinter.N + Tkinter.S + Tkinter.E + Tkinter.W）。如果你想设置按钮的最小宽度，可以直接设置按钮的宽度，或者更好地使用 grid_columnconfigure。

另外，建议你在构建用户界面时尽量少用复制粘贴。如果你有多个按钮使用相同的选项，最好把这些选项放在一个字典里，或者使用一个函数，或者用 functools.partial。Tkinter 让编写干净的用户界面代码变得很简单，等你以后回头看时会感谢自己的……