如何在Mac OS X 10.6上使用virtualenv与Google App Engine SDK

Question

我快抓狂了，因为我之前一切都好好的，直到上周突然出问题了。

我在为一个Google App Engine应用设置虚拟环境，然后用 dev_appserver.py 启动这个应用时，出现了导入标准库的错误（比如“ImportError: No module named base64”）。

我做的步骤是这样的：

(使用系统自带的Python)

virtualenv --python=python2.5 --no-site-packages ~/.virtualenv/foobar

然后我在 ~/.virtualenv/foobar/lib/python2.5/site-packages/ 里添加了一个 gae.pth 文件，里面包含了Google App Engine的库：

/usr/local/google_appengine
/usr/local/google_appengine/lib/antlr3
/usr/local/google_appengine/lib/cacerts
/usr/local/google_appengine/lib/django
/usr/local/google_appengine/lib/fancy_urllib
/usr/local/google_appengine/lib/ipaddr
/usr/local/google_appengine/lib/webob_1_1_1
/usr/local/google_appengine/lib/yaml/lib

(这个是参考了这个回答.)

接着我激活我的“foobar”虚拟环境，然后尝试用 dev_appserver.py 启动我的应用。

服务器启动了，但第一次请求就报错，出现了之前提到的“ImportError: No module named base64”。如果我访问管理控制台，还会出现“ImportError: No module named cgi”。

如果我直接启动Python，就可以加载这些模块。

>>> import base64
>>> base64.__file__
'/System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.5/lib/python2.5/base64.py'

看起来SDK的沙箱机制阻止了这些库的加载。但正如我所说的，我之前一切都好好的……不知道是什么改变了，或者我不小心搞坏了我的虚拟环境，现在就是想不起来我当初是怎么让它工作的。

软件版本：

Google App Engine SDK 1.3.7
Mac OS X Snow Leopard 10.6.4
virtualenv 1.5.1

更新： 针对Alan Franzoni的问题：

我使用的是Mac OS X自带的系统Python。我是通过easy_install安装的virtualenv。今天我升级到了virtualenv 1.5.1，想试着解决这个问题。

如果我用虚拟环境中的Python运行 python /usr/local/bin/dev_appserver.py，问题依然存在。如果我停用虚拟环境，用系统的python2.5运行这个命令，就可以正常工作。（另外，我也可以用GoogleAppEngineLauncher来启动我的应用。）

这里是一个完整的错误堆栈信息（这个使用的是Kay框架，但webapp的问题也是一样的）：

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/Applications/GoogleAppEngineLauncher.app/Contents/Resources/GoogleAppEngine-default.bundle/Contents/Resources/google_appengine/google/appengine/tools/dev_appserver.py", line 3206, in _HandleRequest
    self._Dispatch(dispatcher, self.rfile, outfile, env_dict)
  File "/Applications/GoogleAppEngineLauncher.app/Contents/Resources/GoogleAppEngine-default.bundle/Contents/Resources/google_appengine/google/appengine/tools/dev_appserver.py", line 3149, in _Dispatch
    base_env_dict=env_dict)
  File "/Applications/GoogleAppEngineLauncher.app/Contents/Resources/GoogleAppEngine-default.bundle/Contents/Resources/google_appengine/google/appengine/tools/dev_appserver.py", line 525, in Dispatch
    base_env_dict=base_env_dict)
  File "/Applications/GoogleAppEngineLauncher.app/Contents/Resources/GoogleAppEngine-default.bundle/Contents/Resources/google_appengine/google/appengine/tools/dev_appserver.py", line 2402, in Dispatch
    self._module_dict)
  File "/Applications/GoogleAppEngineLauncher.app/Contents/Resources/GoogleAppEngine-default.bundle/Contents/Resources/google_appengine/google/appengine/tools/dev_appserver.py", line 2312, in ExecuteCGI
    reset_modules = exec_script(handler_path, cgi_path, hook)
  File "/Applications/GoogleAppEngineLauncher.app/Contents/Resources/GoogleAppEngine-default.bundle/Contents/Resources/google_appengine/google/appengine/tools/dev_appserver.py", line 2208, in ExecuteOrImportScript
    exec module_code in script_module.__dict__
  File "/Users/look/myapp/kay/main.py", line 17, in <module>
    kay.setup()
  File "/Users/look/myapp/kay/__init__.py", line 122, in setup
    from google.appengine.ext import db
  File "/Applications/GoogleAppEngineLauncher.app/Contents/Resources/GoogleAppEngine-default.bundle/Contents/Resources/google_appengine/google/appengine/tools/dev_appserver.py", line 1287, in Decorate
    return func(self, *args, **kwargs)
  File "/Applications/GoogleAppEngineLauncher.app/Contents/Resources/GoogleAppEngine-default.bundle/Contents/Resources/google_appengine/google/appengine/tools/dev_appserver.py", line 1937, in load_module
    return self.FindAndLoadModule(submodule, fullname, search_path)
  File "/Applications/GoogleAppEngineLauncher.app/Contents/Resources/GoogleAppEngine-default.bundle/Contents/Resources/google_appengine/google/appengine/tools/dev_appserver.py", line 1287, in Decorate
    return func(self, *args, **kwargs)
  File "/Applications/GoogleAppEngineLauncher.app/Contents/Resources/GoogleAppEngine-default.bundle/Contents/Resources/google_appengine/google/appengine/tools/dev_appserver.py", line 1839, in FindAndLoadModule
    description)
  File "/Applications/GoogleAppEngineLauncher.app/Contents/Resources/GoogleAppEngine-default.bundle/Contents/Resources/google_appengine/google/appengine/tools/dev_appserver.py", line 1287, in Decorate
    return func(self, *args, **kwargs)
  File "/Applications/GoogleAppEngineLauncher.app/Contents/Resources/GoogleAppEngine-default.bundle/Contents/Resources/google_appengine/google/appengine/tools/dev_appserver.py", line 1790, in LoadModuleRestricted
    description)
  File "/Applications/GoogleAppEngineLauncher.app/Contents/Resources/GoogleAppEngine-default.bundle/Contents/Resources/google_appengine/google/appengine/ext/db/__init__.py", line 81, in <module>
    import base64
ImportError: No module named base64

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如何在Mac OS X 10.6上使用virtualenv与Google App Engine SDK

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