在Python中包装异常
我正在开发一个发送邮件的库,我希望能够捕捉发送邮件时出现的错误(比如SMTP、Google AppEngine等产生的错误),并把这些错误包装成我自己库里容易处理的错误类型(比如连接错误、发送消息错误等),同时保留原始的错误追踪信息,以便进行调试。在Python 2中,最好的做法是什么呢?
3 个回答
6
这个回答可能有点晚了,但你可以把这个函数放在一个叫做Python装饰器的东西里。
这里有一个简单的速查表,可以帮助你了解不同的装饰器。
下面是一些示例代码,展示了怎么做。只需要把decorator
换成你需要的不同方式来捕捉不同的错误。
def decorator(wrapped_function):
def _wrapper(*args, **kwargs):
try:
# do something before the function call
result = wrapped_function(*args, **kwargs)
# do something after the function call
except TypeError:
print("TypeError")
except IndexError:
print("IndexError")
# return result
return _wrapper
@decorator
def type_error():
return 1 / 'a'
@decorator
def index_error():
return ['foo', 'bar'][5]
type_error()
index_error()
7
使用来自 future.utils
包 的 raise_from
。
下面是相关的示例:
from future.utils import raise_from
class FileDatabase:
def __init__(self, filename):
try:
self.file = open(filename)
except IOError as exc:
raise_from(DatabaseError('failed to open'), exc)
在这个包里,raise_from
的实现方式如下:
def raise_from(exc, cause):
"""
Equivalent to:
raise EXCEPTION from CAUSE
on Python 3. (See PEP 3134).
"""
# Is either arg an exception class (e.g. IndexError) rather than
# instance (e.g. IndexError('my message here')? If so, pass the
# name of the class undisturbed through to "raise ... from ...".
if isinstance(exc, type) and issubclass(exc, Exception):
e = exc()
# exc = exc.__name__
# execstr = "e = " + _repr_strip(exc) + "()"
# myglobals, mylocals = _get_caller_globals_and_locals()
# exec(execstr, myglobals, mylocals)
else:
e = exc
e.__suppress_context__ = False
if isinstance(cause, type) and issubclass(cause, Exception):
e.__cause__ = cause()
e.__suppress_context__ = True
elif cause is None:
e.__cause__ = None
e.__suppress_context__ = True
elif isinstance(cause, BaseException):
e.__cause__ = cause
e.__suppress_context__ = True
else:
raise TypeError("exception causes must derive from BaseException")
e.__context__ = sys.exc_info()[1]
raise e
30
最简单的方法就是用旧的追踪对象重新抛出异常。下面的例子展示了这一点:
import sys
def a():
def b():
raise AssertionError("1")
b()
try:
a()
except AssertionError: # some specific exception you want to wrap
trace = sys.exc_info()[2]
raise Exception("error description"), None, trace
你可以查看raise语句的文档,了解三个参数的详细信息。我的例子会打印出:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "C:\...\test.py", line 9, in <module>
a()
File "C:\...\test.py", line 6, in a
b()
File "C:\...\test.py", line 5, in b
raise AssertionError("1")
Exception: error description
为了完整起见,在Python 3中,你可以使用raise MyException(...) from e
语法。