如何从类中的方法动态创建模块级函数

9 投票
3 回答
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提问于 2025-04-16 03:50

我正在尝试根据一个类中的方法动态创建模块级别的函数。也就是说,对于类中的每一个方法,我想创建一个同名的函数,这个函数会实例化这个类,然后调用相应的方法。

我这样做的原因是想以面向对象的方式来创建Fabric文件。因为Fabric只能调用模块级别的函数,而不能直接调用类的方法,所以我需要这样一个变通办法。

我参考了以下链接来入门:

我写出了以下代码:

import inspect
import sys
import types

class TestClass(object):
    def __init__(self):
        pass

    def method1(self, arg1):
        print 'method 1 %s' % arg1

    def method2(self):
        print 'method 2'

def fabric_class_to_function_magic(module_name):
    # get the module as an object
    print module_name
    module_obj = sys.modules[module_name]
    print dir(module_obj)

    # Iterate over the methods of the class and dynamically create a function
    # for each method that calls the method and add it to the current module
    for method in inspect.getmembers(TestClass, predicate=inspect.ismethod):
        print
        print method
        method_name, method_obj = method

        # create a new template function which calls the method
        def newfunc_template(*args, **kwargs):
            tc = TestClass()
            func = getattr(tc, method_name)
            return func(*args, **kwargs)

        # create the actual function
        print 'code: ', newfunc_template.func_code
        print 'method_name: ', method_name
        newfunc = types.FunctionType(newfunc_template.func_code,
                                     {'TestClass': TestClass,
                                      'getattr': getattr,
                                      'method_name': method_name,
                                      },
                                     name=method_name,
                                     argdefs=newfunc_template.func_defaults,
                                     closure=newfunc_template.func_closure,
                                     )

        # add the new function to the current module
        setattr(module_obj, method_name, newfunc)

# test the dynamically created module level function
thismodule = sys.modules[__name__]
print dir(thismodule)
fabric_class_to_function_magic(__name__)
print dir(thismodule)
method1('arg1')
method2()

但是我遇到了以下错误:

['TestClass', '__builtins__', '__doc__', '__file__', '__name__', '__package__', 'fabric_class_to_function_magic', 'inspect', 'sys', 'thismodule', 'types']
__main__
['TestClass', '__builtins__', '__doc__', '__file__', '__name__', '__package__', 'fabric_class_to_function_magic', 'inspect', 'sys', 'thismodule', 'types']

('__init__', <unbound method TestClass.__init__>)
code:  <code object newfunc_template at 0x7f8800a28d50, file "test.py", line 85>
method_name:  __init__

('method1', <unbound method TestClass.method1>)
code:  <code object newfunc_template at 0x7f8800a28d50, file "test.py", line 85>
method_name:  method1

('method2', <unbound method TestClass.method2>)
code:  <code object newfunc_template at 0x7f8800a28d50, file "test.py", line 85>
method_name:  method2
['TestClass', '__builtins__', '__doc__', '__file__', '__init__', '__name__', '__package__', 'fabric_class_to_function_magic', 'inspect', 'method1', 'method2', 'sys', 'thismodule', 'types']
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "test.py", line 111, in <module>
    method1('arg1')
  File "test.py", line 88, in newfunc_template
    return func(*args, **kwargs)
TypeError: method2() takes exactly 1 argument (2 given)

看起来是重复使用了函数的引用?有什么想法吗?

更新:这是经过Ned Batchelder修复后的工作代码:

def fabric_class_to_function_magic(module_name):
    # get the module as an object
    module_obj = sys.modules[module_name]

    # Iterate over the methods of the class and dynamically create a function
    # for each method that calls the method and add it to the current module
    for method in inspect.getmembers(TestClass, predicate=inspect.ismethod):
        method_name, method_obj = method

        # get the bound method
        tc = TestClass()
        func = getattr(tc, method_name)

        # add the function to the current module
        setattr(module_obj, method_name, func)

更新2:这是我关于这个主题的博客文章:http://www.saltycrane.com/blog/2010/09/class-based-fabric-scripts-metaprogramming-hack/

3 个回答

0

这可能对某些人有用:

import inspect
import sys

def get_functions_from_class_in_module_and_extract_to_module(module, *args, class_config={}, **kwargs):

    classes = dict(tuple(x) for x in inspect.getmembers(sys.modules[module.__name__], inspect.isclass))

    for cls_name, cls in classes.items():

        class_instance = cls(**class_config[cls_name])

        functions = dict(tuple(x) for x in inspect.getmembers(cls, inspect.isfunction))

        for function_name, func in functions.items():
                
            class_func = lambda *args, **kwargs: func(class_instance, *args, **kwargs)

            setattr(module, function_name, class_func)
1

其实你的代码是对的,但当执行 return func(*args, **kwargs) 时,args 会传递一个空的元组,比如 (),而你的 method2 没有任何参数,所以就会出现这样的错误。

解决这个问题的一个简单方法是,像下面这样:

class TestClass(object):
    def __init__(self):
        pass

    def method1(self, arg1):
        print 'method 1 %s' % arg1

    def method2(self, *args, **kw):
        print 'method 2'
9

你可能想得太复杂了。把fabric_class_to_function_magic的结尾改成这样:

    tc = TestClass()
    func = getattr(tc, method_name)

    # add the new function to the current module
    setattr(module_obj, method_name, func)

这样就可以正常工作了。其实不需要再创建一个新的函数对象,因为你已经通过getattr从你的对象中得到了一个。通过getattr返回的绑定方法是可以调用的东西。只需要把它赋值给你的模块属性,就可以了。

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