如何让Windows识别我用Python编写的服务？

Question

在我昨天发的另一个问题中，我得到了很好的建议，关于如何在Windows中将Python脚本作为服务运行。现在我想知道的是：Windows是怎么知道可以在本地工具（“管理工具”中的“服务”窗口）中管理的服务的？也就是说，Windows中相当于Linux下在/etc/init.d放启动/停止脚本的是什么呢？

Answer 1

这里有一段代码，可以把一个用Python写的脚本安装成服务哦 :)

http://code.activestate.com/recipes/551780/

这篇文章也可能对你有帮助：

http://essiene.blogspot.com/2005/04/python-windows-services.html

Answer 2

不要直接去修改注册表。使用 SC 命令行工具。具体来说，就是用 SC CREATE 命令。

    DESCRIPTION:
        SC is a command line program used for communicating with the
        NT Service Controller and services.
    USAGE:
        sc  [command] [service name]  ...

        The option  has the form "\\ServerName"
        Further help on commands can be obtained by typing: "sc [command]"
        Commands:
          query-----------Queries the status for a service, or
                          enumerates the status for types of services.
          queryex---------Queries the extended status for a service, or
                          enumerates the status for types of services.
          start-----------Starts a service.
          pause-----------Sends a PAUSE control request to a service.
          interrogate-----Sends an INTERROGATE control request to a service.
          continue--------Sends a CONTINUE control request to a service.
          stop------------Sends a STOP request to a service.
          config----------Changes the configuration of a service (persistant).
          description-----Changes the description of a service.
          failure---------Changes the actions taken by a service upon failure.
          qc--------------Queries the configuration information for a service.
          qdescription----Queries the description for a service.
          qfailure--------Queries the actions taken by a service upon failure.
          delete----------Deletes a service (from the registry).
          create----------Creates a service. (adds it to the registry).
          control---------Sends a control to a service.
          sdshow----------Displays a service's security descriptor.
          sdset-----------Sets a service's security descriptor.
          GetDisplayName--Gets the DisplayName for a service.
          GetKeyName------Gets the ServiceKeyName for a service.
          EnumDepend------Enumerates Service Dependencies.

        The following commands don't require a service name:
        sc   
          boot------------(ok | bad) Indicates whether the last boot should
                          be saved as the last-known-good boot configuration
          Lock------------Locks the Service Database
          QueryLock-------Queries the LockStatus for the SCManager Database
    EXAMPLE:
        sc start MyService

Answer 3

在Windows系统中，很多“有意识”的东西都和“注册表”有关。

你可以看看这篇微软的知识库文章：http://support.microsoft.com/kb/103000

搜索一下“可以通过服务控制器启动的Win32程序，并且遵循服务控制协议。”这就是你需要关注的服务类型。

服务的注册信息（在KEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services\myservice这个位置）包含了关于服务的各种信息，比如它的可执行文件位置、出错时该怎么处理（是停止操作系统吗？）、在这个服务之前需要启动哪些服务，以及它是以哪个用户身份运行的。

至于服务控制协议，你的程序的main()函数应该调用Windows的API，设置一些回调函数来处理服务的启动、停止和暂停。至于在这些回调函数里做什么，那就完全由你决定了。