如何启动浏览器

Question

我正在用Python开发一个IRC客户端，基于irc.IRCClient和pygtk，使用了正确的反应器，一切运行得很好。现在我想在点击网址时打开一个浏览器... 最好的选择是使用xdg-open，这样可以运行配置好的默认浏览器（在符合自由桌面标准的桌面环境中）。这个网址是在gtk的按钮点击事件中获取的。我尝试了所有我能想到的方法，但CPU总是飙到100%。下面是我尝试的各种方法，只有使用reactor.spawnProcess看起来有希望，因为在浏览器打开之前一切都正常，但一关闭浏览器，CPU就会飙到100%。其他方法CPU很快就会跳到100%并保持不变。直接启动浏览器也没有改变什么。我到底做错了什么呢？

python 2.6.5 - twisted 10.1.0 - pygtk 2.16.0

Marco

def on_click(self, b):
    .....
    .....
    if data:
        url = self.urls[int(data)]

        # 100% cpu forever
        browser = utils.getProcessValue('/usr/bin/xdg-open', [url,], os.environ)
        browser.addCallback(self.printExitValue)

        # 100% cpu after closing browser 
        xdgProcess = XDGProcessProtocol()
        reactor.spawnProcess(xdgProcess, '/usr/bin/xdg-open', ['/usr/bin/xdg-open', url], os.environ )    

        # 100% cpu forever
        os.system('xdg-open %s' % url)

        # 100% cpu forever
        os.spawnl(os.P_NOWAIT, '/usr/bin/xdg-open', '/usr/bin/xdg-open', url)

        # 100% cpu forever    
        reactor.callInThread(self.browser, url)

        return 0

def printExitValue(self, val):
    print 'xdg-open %d' % val

def browser(self, url):
    os.spawnl(os.P_NOWAIT, '/usr/bin/xdg-open', '/usr/bin/xdg-open', url)

class XDGProcessProtocol(protocol.ProcessProtocol):

def __init__(self):
    self.data = ''

def connectionMade(self):
    pass

def outReceived(self, data):
    self.data = self.data + data

def errReceived(self, data):
    self.data = self.data + data

def inConnectionLost(self):
    pass

def outConnectionLost(self):
    print self.data

def errConnectionLost(self):
    pass

def processExited(self, reason):
    print "processExited, status %d" % (reason.value.exitCode,)

def processEnded(self, reason):
    print "processEnded, status %d" % (reason.value.exitCode,)
    print "quitting"

Answer 1

这里有一个可以运行（也有可能失败）的例子。

我把你的 irclogbot.py 程序改成可以在 pygtk 应用中运行。

Sys.argv[1] 是一个 IRC 服务器的网址。

在 on_click 方法里，把可执行文件的路径改成你自己电脑上浏览器的路径。

当浏览器打开页面后，如果你关闭它，CPU 的使用率会飙升到 100%。

#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

# Copyright (c) 2001-2009 Twisted Matrix Laboratories.
# See LICENSE for details.
import gobject
import pygtk
import gtk

# twisted imports
from twisted.internet import gtk2reactor
gtk2reactor.install()
from twisted.words.protocols import irc
from twisted.internet import reactor, protocol
from twisted.python import log

# system imports
import time, sys

class MessageLogger:
    """
    An independent logger class (because separation of application
    and protocol logic is a good thing).
    """
    def __init__(self, file):
        self.file = file

    def log(self, message):
        """Write a message to the file."""
        timestamp = time.strftime("[%H:%M:%S]", time.localtime(time.time()))
        self.file.write('%s %s\n' % (timestamp, message))
        self.file.flush()

    def close(self):
        self.file.close()


class LogBot(irc.IRCClient):
    """A logging IRC bot."""

    nickname = "twistedbot"

    def connectionMade(self):
        irc.IRCClient.connectionMade(self)
        self.logger = MessageLogger(open(self.factory.filename, "a"))
        self.logger.log("[connected at %s]" % 
                        time.asctime(time.localtime(time.time())))

    def connectionLost(self, reason):
        irc.IRCClient.connectionLost(self, reason)
        self.logger.log("[disconnected at %s]" % 
                        time.asctime(time.localtime(time.time())))
        self.logger.close()


    # callbacks for events

    def signedOn(self):
        """Called when bot has succesfully signed on to server."""
        self.join(self.factory.channel)

    def joined(self, channel):
        """This will get called when the bot joins the channel."""
        self.logger.log("[I have joined %s]" % channel)

    def privmsg(self, user, channel, msg):
        """This will get called when the bot receives a message."""
        user = user.split('!', 1)[0]
        self.logger.log("<%s> %s" % (user, msg))

        # Check to see if they're sending me a private message
        if channel == self.nickname:
            msg = "It isn't nice to whisper!  Play nice with the group."
            self.msg(user, msg)
            return

        # Otherwise check to see if it is a message directed at me
        if msg.startswith(self.nickname + ":"):
            msg = "%s: I am a log bot" % user
            self.msg(channel, msg)
            self.logger.log("<%s> %s" % (self.nickname, msg))

    def action(self, user, channel, msg):
        """This will get called when the bot sees someone do an action."""
        user = user.split('!', 1)[0]
        self.logger.log("* %s %s" % (user, msg))

    # irc callbacks

    def irc_NICK(self, prefix, params):
        """Called when an IRC user changes their nickname."""
        old_nick = prefix.split('!')[0]
        new_nick = params[0]
        self.logger.log("%s is now known as %s" % (old_nick, new_nick))


    # For fun, override the method that determines how a nickname is changed on
    # collisions. The default method appends an underscore.
    def alterCollidedNick(self, nickname):
        """
        Generate an altered version of a nickname that caused a collision in an
        effort to create an unused related name for subsequent registration.
        """
        return nickname + '^'



class LogBotFactory(protocol.ClientFactory):
    """A factory for LogBots.

    A new protocol instance will be created each time we connect to the server.
    """

    # the class of the protocol to build when new connection is made
    protocol = LogBot

    def __init__(self, channel, filename):
        self.channel = channel
        self.filename = filename

    def clientConnectionLost(self, connector, reason):
        """If we get disconnected, reconnect to server."""
        connector.connect()

    def clientConnectionFailed(self, connector, reason):
        print "connection failed:", reason
        reactor.stop()

class GUI(object):
    def __init__(self):
        self.mw = gtk.Window()
        self.mw.connect('destroy', self.quit)
        bt = gtk.Button('Run browser')
        bt.connect('clicked', self.on_click)
        frame = gtk.Frame('Click me')
        frame.add(bt)
        self.mw.add(frame)
        self.mw.show_all()
        f = LogBotFactory('#prova', 'botlog.txt')
        # connect factory to this host and port
        reactor.connectTCP(sys.argv[1], 6667, f)
        reactor.run()

    def on_click(self, b):
        url = 'http://www.gentoo.org'
        xdgProcess = XDGProcessProtocol()
        #####################################################
        # change the executable path of the browser you have
        #####################################################
        reactor.spawnProcess(xdgProcess, '/usr/bin/midori', ['/usr/bin/midori', url], None)    
        print 'clicked'

    def quit(self, w):
        print 'closeapp'
        try:
            reactor.stop()
        except:
            pass
        gtk.main_quit()

class XDGProcessProtocol(protocol.ProcessProtocol):
    def __init__(self):
        self.data = ''

    def connectionMade(self):
        pass

    def outReceived(self, data):
        self.data = self.data + data

    def errReceived(self, data):
        self.data = self.data + data
    def inConnectionLost(self):
        pass

    def outConnectionLost(self):
        print "outConnectionLost! The child closed their stdout!"
        print self.data

    def errConnectionLost(self):
        pass

    def processExited(self, reason):
        print "processExited, status %d" % (reason.value.exitCode,)

    def processEnded(self, reason):
        print "processEnded, status %d" % (reason.value.exitCode,)
        print "quitting"

if __name__ == '__main__':
    #########################################    
    # sys.argv[1] is the url of the irc server    
    #########################################
    # initialize logging
    log.startLogging(sys.stdout)

    GUI()
    gtk.main()

Marco

Answer 2

你可以使用这个：

import webbrowser

webbrowser.open("http://www.google.it/")

Answer 3

总结一下：这是pygobject和pygtk中的一个错误，SIGCHLD处理程序进入了一个无限循环。这个问题在pygobject-2.21.0和pygtk-2.17.0中已经修复了。

marco