Tkinter：为什么一个Frame会覆盖另一个？
我正在用Python的Tkinter库制作一个图形用户界面（GUI）。我的想法是在主框架里面放几个框架（Frame）。我能让两个框架显示出来，但第三个框架却覆盖在第二个框架上。我试过在主框架中使用pack()和grid()这两种布局管理方式。
我想要一个“顶部内容”框架和一个“底部内容”框架，中间放一个Cat1框架和1到8个Cat2框架。这个图形界面需要能够动态重建，因为应用程序需要根据控制的Cat2小部件的数量来调整。
（还有一个小问题。因为我引入了Cat2Frame类，并把tkFont变量放到了全局范围内，我的12号字体还是只有9号。）
这是我整理过的代码片段。（还没做到底部框架。）
def anchor(widget, rows=0, cols=0):
"""Takes care of anchoring/stretching widgets via grid 'sticky'"""
for r in range(rows):
widget.rowconfigure(r, weight=1)
for c in range(cols):
widget.columnconfigure(c, weight=1)
font_ = None
bold_ = None
bold_12 = None
class TkinterGui():
"""Tkinter implementation of the GUI"""
def __init__(self):
"""Create the Tkinter GUI"""
self._top_level = None
self._top_row = None
self._buildGui(_TITLE)
def _buildGui(self, title):
"""Build the Tkinter GUI"""
self._top_level = Tkinter.Tk()
font_ = tkFont.Font(family='FreeSans', size=9)
bold_ = tkFont.Font(family='FreeSans', size=9, weight='bold')
bold_12 = tkFont.Font(family='FreeSans', size=12, weight='bold')
anchor(self._top_level, 4, 1)
self._top_row = 0
self._buildTop()
self._top_row = 1
self._buildCat1()
t1 = Cat2Frame(self._top_level, "Cat2 1")
self._top_row = 2
t1.place_frame(self._top_row)
t5 = Cat2Frame(self._top_level, "Cat2 5")
self._top_row = 3
t5.place_frame(self._top_row)
self._top_level.title(title)
def _buildTop(self):
"""Private method to build the Top frame of the GUI."""
top_frame = Tkinter.Frame(self._top_level, name='top_frame')
anchor(top_frame, 1, 3)
top_frame.columnconfigure(0, weight=2)
top_frame.columnconfigure(1, weight=5)
col1_label = Tkinter.Label(top_frame
, name='col1_label'
, text="Col1"
, font=bold_12
, width=20
).grid(row=0
, column=0
, sticky=N+E+W+S
)
col2_label = Tkinter.Label(top_frame
, name='col2_label'
, text="Col2"
, font=bold_12
, width=40
).grid(row=0
, column=1
, sticky=N+E+W+S
)
top_button = Tkinter.Button(top_frame
, name='top_button'
, text='Top Button'
, font=bold_
).grid(row=0
, column=2
, sticky=E
)
top_frame.grid(row=self._top_row, column=0, sticky=N+W)
def _buildCat1(self):
"""Private method to build the Cat1 frame of the GUI"""
cat1_frame = Tkinter.Frame(self._top_level, name='cat1_frame')
anchor(cat1_frame, 3, 3)
cur_row = 0
cat1_frame.columnconfigure(2, weight=6)
Tkinter.Label(cat1_frame
, name='cat1_label'
, text='Cat1'
, font=bold_
).grid(row=cur_row, column=0, sticky=N+E+W+S)
cat1_size = Tkinter.Text(cat1_frame
, name='cat1_size'
, state=DISABLED
, font=font_
, height=1
, width=10
).grid(row=cur_row
, column=1
, sticky=E
)
cat1_status = Tkinter.Text(cat1_frame
, name='cat1_status'
, state=DISABLED
, font=font_
, height=3
, width=72
).grid(row=cur_row
, column=2
, rowspan=3
, sticky=N+E+W+S
)
cur_row += 1
cat1_model = Tkinter.Text(cat1_frame
, name='cat1_model'
, state=DISABLED
, font=font_
, height=1
, width=30
).grid(row=cur_row
, column=0
, columnspan=2
, sticky=N+W
)
cur_row += 1
cat1_serial = Tkinter.Text(cat1_frame
, name='cat1_serial'
, state=DISABLED
, font=font_
, height=1
, width=30
).grid(row=cur_row
, column=0
, columnspan=2
, sticky=N+W
)
cat1_frame.grid(row=self._top_row, column=0, sticky=N+W)
class Cat2Frame():
"""Class encapsulation for a Cat2 Frame in the GUI"""
def __init__(self, parent, t_label):
"""Initialize a Cat2 Frame in the GUI"""
self._frame = Tkinter.Frame(parent, name='cat2_frame')
anchor(self._frame, 3, 4)
self.cur_row = 0
self._frame.columnconfigure(2, weight=5)
self._label = Tkinter.Label(self._frame
, name='cat2_label'
, text=t_label
, font=bold_
)
self._size = Tkinter.Text(self._frame
, name='cat2_size'
, state=DISABLED
, font=font_
, height=1
, width=10
)
self._status = Tkinter.Text(self._frame
, name='cat2_status'
, state=DISABLED
, font=font_
, height=3
, width=60
)
self._control = Tkinter.IntVar()
self._enabled = Tkinter.Radiobutton(self._frame
, name='cat2_enabled'
, variable=self._control
, text='Enabled'
, font=bold_
, value=1
)
self._model = Tkinter.Text(self._frame
, name='cat2_model'
, state=DISABLED
, font=font_
, height=1
, width=30
)
self._disabled = Tkinter.Radiobutton(self._frame
, name='cat2_disabled'
, variable=self._control
, text='Disabled'
, font=bold_
, value=0
)
self._serial = Tkinter.Text(self._frame
, name='cat2_serial'
, state=DISABLED
, font=font_
, height=1
, width=30
)
def place_frame(self, top_row):
self._label.grid(row=self.cur_row, column=0, sticky=N+E+S+W)
self._size.grid(row=self.cur_row, column=1, sticky=E)
self._status.grid(row=self.cur_row, column=2, rowspan=3, sticky=N+E+W+S)
self._enabled.grid(row=self.cur_row, column=3, sticky=W)
self.cur_row += 1
self._model.grid(row=self.cur_row, column=0, columnspan=2, sticky=N+W)
self._disabled.grid(row=self.cur_row, column=3, sticky=W)
self.cur_row += 1
self._serial.grid(row=self.cur_row, column=0, columnspan=2, sticky=N+W)
self.cur_row += 1
self._frame.grid(row=top_row, column=0, sticky=N+W)
1 个回答
3
你的代码问题的简单回答是，你给了两个 Cat2Frame 对象相同的名字。要么给它们起不同的名字，要么就别用名字属性来命名这个框架。
另外，我建议你考虑一下你的编程风格。你写的代码很难读懂。我发现把布局和小部件的创建分开写，会大大提高可读性，这样也能更容易找到错误（因为可以一眼看出布局是否正确）。
这里有个简单的建议，告诉你怎么可以让代码更易读。我不是说这是重构代码的最佳方法，只是给你一些思路。
我假设你想把所有的行都放在一个网格里，所以你的每个“框架”（Cat1Frame, Cat2Frame）其实并不是真正的框架，因为在不同的小部件中对齐单元格会很困难。如果不是这样（也就是说，每个“框架”确实是独立的小部件），那么代码可以更简单。
我没有花时间去创建顶行，也没有精确调整行和列的大小。我还给每个文本小部件加了背景，这样你可以看到它们是怎么布局的。我发现，当你能看到小部件的边界时，解决布局问题会简单得多。
import Tkinter
from Tkinter import DISABLED
_TITLE="This is the title"
class TkinterGui():
def __init__(self):
self._buildGui(_TITLE)
self.last_row = 0
def _buildGui(self, title):
self._top_level = Tkinter.Tk()
self._top_level.title(title)
Cat1(self._top_level, label="Cat 1", row=1)
Cat2(self._top_level, label="Cat 2.1", row=4)
Cat2(self._top_level, label="Cat 2.2", row=7)
class Cat1:
def __init__(self, parent, label=None, row=0):
self._label = Tkinter.Label(parent, text=label)
self._size = Tkinter.Text(parent, state=DISABLED, height=1, width=10, background="bisque")
self._status = Tkinter.Text(parent, state=DISABLED, height=3, width=72, background="bisque")
self._model = Tkinter.Text(parent, state=DISABLED, height=1, width=30, background="bisque")
self._serial = Tkinter.Text(parent, state=DISABLED, height=1, width=30, background="bisque")
self._label.grid( row=row, column=0, sticky="nsew")
self._size.grid( row=row, column=1, sticky="nsew")
self._status.grid(row=row, column=2, rowspan=3, sticky="nsew")
self._model.grid( row=row+1, column=0, columnspan=2, sticky="nsew")
self._serial.grid(row=row+2, column=0, columnspan=2, sticky="nsew")
class Cat2:
def __init__(self, parent, label=None, row=0):
self._control = Tkinter.IntVar()
self._label = Tkinter.Label(parent, text=label)
self._size = Tkinter.Text(parent, state=DISABLED, height=1, width=10, background="bisque")
self._status = Tkinter.Text(parent, state=DISABLED, height=3, width=72, background="bisque")
self._model = Tkinter.Text(parent, state=DISABLED, height=1, width=30, background="bisque")
self._serial = Tkinter.Text(parent, state=DISABLED, height=1, width=30, background="bisque")
self._enabled = Tkinter.Radiobutton(parent, variable=self._control, text="Enabled", value=1)
self._disabled = Tkinter.Radiobutton(parent, variable=self._control, text="Disabled", value=0)
self._label.grid( row=row, column=0, sticky="nsew")
self._size.grid( row=row, column=1, sticky="nsew")
self._status.grid( row=row, column=2, rowspan=3, sticky="nsew")
self._model.grid( row=row+1, column=0, columnspan=2, sticky="nsew")
self._serial.grid( row=row+2, column=0, columnspan=2, sticky="nsew")
self._enabled.grid( row=row, column=3, sticky="nsew")
self._disabled.grid(row=row+1, column=3, sticky="nsew")
if __name__ == "__main__":
gui=TkinterGui()
gui._top_level.mainloop()