Python:强制新的类类型

8 投票
5 回答
1373 浏览
提问于 2025-04-16 02:39

我希望这段代码能“正常工作”:

def main():
    c = Castable()
    print c/3
    print 2-c
    print c%7
    print c**2
    print "%s" % c
    print "%i" % c
    print "%f" % c

当然,简单的方法是写 int(c)/3,但我想为一个配置的小语言启用更简单的类似perl的语法。

值得注意的是,如果我使用“旧式”类(不从对象继承),我可以通过定义一个 __coerce__ 方法来很简单地做到这一点,但旧式类已经不推荐使用,并将在python3中被移除。

当我用新式类做同样的事情时,我得到了这个错误:

TypeError: unsupported operand type(s) for /: 'Castable' and 'int'

我认为这是设计使然,但那我该如何用新式类模拟旧式的 __coerce__ 行为呢?你可以在下面找到我当前的解决方案,但它看起来相当丑陋且冗长。

这是相关的文档:(我想)

额外加分:

    print pow(c, 2, 100)

5 个回答

3
class MetaCastable(type):
    __binary_ops = ( 
            'add', 'sub', 'mul', 'floordiv', 'mod', 'divmod', 'pow', 'lshift', 
            'rshift', 'and', 'xor', 'or', 'div', 'truediv',
    )

    __unary_ops = ( 'neg', 'pos', 'abs', 'invert', )

    def __new__(mcs, name, bases, dict):
        def make_binary_op(op):
            fn = lambda self, other: self.__op__(op, other)
            fn.__name__ = op
            return fn

        for opname in mcs.__binary_ops:
            for op in ( '__%s__', '__r%s__' ):
                op %= opname
                if op in dict:
                    continue
                dict[op] = make_binary_op(op)

        def make_unary_op(op):
            fn = lambda self: self.__op__(op, None)
            fn.__name__ = op
            return fn

        for opname in mcs.__unary_ops:
            op = '__%s__' % opname
            if op in dict:
                continue
            dict[op] = make_unary_op(op)

        return type.__new__(mcs, name, bases, dict)

class Castable(object):
    __metaclass__ = MetaCastable
    def __str__(self):
        print "str!"
        return "<Castable>"
    def __int__(self):
        print "int!"
        return 42
    def __float__(self):
        print "float!"
        return 2.718281828459045

    def __op__(self, op, other):
        if other is None:
            print "%s(%s)" % (op, self)
            self, other = coerce(self, 0.0)
            return getattr(self, op)()
        else:
            print "%s %s %s" % (self, op, other)
            self, other = coerce(self, other)
            return getattr(self, op)(other)

    def __coerce__(self, other):
        print "coercing like %r!" % other
        return (type(other)(self), other)

当然可以!请把你想要翻译的内容发给我,我会帮你把它变得更简单易懂。

8

如果你想让 c/3 这个操作能正常工作,你需要定义一个叫做 __div__ 的东西。Python 不会自动把你的对象转换成数字。

5

这个方法可以用,而且经过几次改进后看起来好一些(感谢@jchl),但我觉得这还是有点多余,特别是考虑到用“老式”类时你可以免费得到这些功能。

我仍在寻找更好的解决方案。如果没有更好的方法,我觉得这在Python语言上算是退步。

def ops_list():
    "calculate the list of overloadable operators"
    #<type 'object'> has functions but no operations
    not_ops = dir(object)

    #calculate the list of operation names
    ops = set()
    for mytype in (int, float, str):
        for op in dir(mytype):
            if op.endswith("__") and op not in not_ops:
                ops.add(op)
    return sorted(ops)

class MetaCastable(type):
    __ops = ops_list()

    def __new__(mcs, name, bases, dict):
        #pass any undefined ops to self.__op__
        def add_op(op):
            if op in dict:
                return
            fn = lambda self, *args: self.__op__(op, args)
            fn.__name__ = op
            dict[op] = fn

        for op in mcs.__ops:
            add_op( op )
        return type.__new__(mcs, name, bases, dict)


class Castable(object):
    __metaclass__ = MetaCastable
    def __str__(self):
        print "str!"
        return "<Castable>"
    def __int__(self):
        print "int!"
        return 42
    def __float__(self):
        print "float!"
        return 2.718281828459045

    def __op__(self, op, args):
        try:
            other = args[0]
        except IndexError:
            other = None
        print "%s %s %s" % (self, op, other)
        self, other = coerce(self, other)
        return getattr(self, op)(*args)

    def __coerce__(self, other):
        print "coercing like %r!" % other
        if other is None: other = 0.0
        return (type(other)(self), other)

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