使用Python解析文件（ics/icalendar）

Question

我有一个 .ics 文件，格式如下。请问解析这个文件的最佳方法是什么？我需要提取每个条目的摘要、描述和时间。

BEGIN:VCALENDAR
X-LOTUS-CHARSET:UTF-8
VERSION:2.0
PRODID:-//Lotus Development Corporation//NONSGML Notes 8.0//EN
METHOD:PUBLISH
BEGIN:VTIMEZONE
TZID:India
BEGIN:STANDARD
DTSTART:19500101T020000
TZOFFSETFROM:+0530
TZOFFSETTO:+0530
END:STANDARD
END:VTIMEZONE
BEGIN:VEVENT
DTSTART;TZID="India":20100615T111500
DTEND;TZID="India":20100615T121500
TRANSP:OPAQUE
DTSTAMP:20100713T071035Z
CLASS:PUBLIC
DESCRIPTION:Emails\nDarlene\n Murphy\nDr. Ferri\n

UID:12D3901F0AD9E83E65257743001F2C9A-Lotus_Notes_Generated
X-LOTUS-UPDATE-SEQ:1
X-LOTUS-UPDATE-WISL:$S:1;$L:1;$B:1;$R:1;$E:1;$W:1;$O:1;$M:1
X-LOTUS-NOTESVERSION:2
X-LOTUS-APPTTYPE:0
X-LOTUS-CHILD_UID:12D3901F0AD9E83E65257743001F2C9A
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
DTSTART;TZID="India":20100628T130000
DTEND;TZID="India":20100628T133000
TRANSP:OPAQUE
DTSTAMP:20100628T055408Z
CLASS:PUBLIC
DESCRIPTION:
SUMMARY:smart energy management
LOCATION:8778/92050462
UID:07F96A3F1C9547366525775000203D96-Lotus_Notes_Generated
X-LOTUS-UPDATE-SEQ:1
X-LOTUS-UPDATE-WISL:$S:1;$L:1;$B:1;$R:1;$E:1;$W:1;$O:1;$M:1
X-LOTUS-NOTESVERSION:2
X-LOTUS-NOTICETYPE:A
X-LOTUS-APPTTYPE:3
X-LOTUS-CHILD_UID:07F96A3F1C9547366525775000203D96
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
DTSTART;TZID="India":20100629T110000
DTEND;TZID="India":20100629T120000
TRANSP:OPAQUE
DTSTAMP:20100713T071037Z
CLASS:PUBLIC
SUMMARY:meeting
UID:6011DDDD659E49D765257751001D2B4B-Lotus_Notes_Generated
X-LOTUS-UPDATE-SEQ:1
X-LOTUS-UPDATE-WISL:$S:1;$L:1;$B:1;$R:1;$E:1;$W:1;$O:1;$M:1
X-LOTUS-NOTESVERSION:2
X-LOTUS-APPTTYPE:0
X-LOTUS-CHILD_UID:6011DDDD659E49D765257751001D2B4B
END:VEVENT

Answer 1

我刚接触Python，之前的评论对我很有帮助，所以我想分享一个更完整的示例。

# ics to csv example
# dependency: https://pypi.org/project/vobject/

import vobject
import csv

with open('sample.csv', mode='w') as csv_out:
    csv_writer = csv.writer(csv_out, delimiter=',', quotechar='"', quoting=csv.QUOTE_MINIMAL)
    csv_writer.writerow(['WHAT', 'WHO', 'FROM', 'TO', 'DESCRIPTION'])

    # read the data from the file
    data = open("sample.ics").read()

    # iterate through the contents
    for cal in vobject.readComponents(data):
        for component in cal.components():
            if component.name == "VEVENT":
                # write to csv
                csv_writer.writerow([component.summary.valueRepr(),component.attendee.valueRepr(),component.dtstart.valueRepr(),component.dtend.valueRepr(),component.description.valueRepr()])

Answer 2

你也可以试试使用 vobject 这个模块，链接在这里：http://pypi.python.org/pypi/vobject

如果你有一个叫 sample.ics 的文件，你可以这样读取它的内容：

# read the data from the file
data = open("sample.ics").read()

# parse the top-level event with vobject
cal = vobject.readOne(data)

# Get Summary
print 'Summary: ', cal.vevent.summary.valueRepr()
# Get Description
print 'Description: ', cal.vevent.description.valueRepr()

# Get Time
print 'Time (as a datetime object): ', cal.vevent.dtstart.value
print 'Time (as a string): ', cal.vevent.dtstart.valueRepr()

Answer 3

这个 icalendar 包看起来不错。

比如说，想要写一个文件：

from icalendar import Calendar, Event
from datetime import datetime
from pytz import UTC # timezone

cal = Calendar()
cal.add('prodid', '-//My calendar product//mxm.dk//')
cal.add('version', '2.0')

event = Event()
event.add('summary', 'Python meeting about calendaring')
event.add('dtstart', datetime(2005,4,4,8,0,0,tzinfo=UTC))
event.add('dtend', datetime(2005,4,4,10,0,0,tzinfo=UTC))
event.add('dtstamp', datetime(2005,4,4,0,10,0,tzinfo=UTC))
event['uid'] = '20050115T101010/27346262376@mxm.dk'
event.add('priority', 5)

cal.add_component(event)

f = open('example.ics', 'wb')
f.write(cal.to_ical())
f.close()

好了，你就得到了这个文件：

BEGIN:VCALENDAR
PRODID:-//My calendar product//mxm.dk//
VERSION:2.0
BEGIN:VEVENT
DTEND;VALUE=DATE:20050404T100000Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE:20050404T001000Z
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:20050404T080000Z
PRIORITY:5
SUMMARY:Python meeting about calendaring
UID:20050115T101010/27346262376@mxm.dk
END:VEVENT
END:VCALENDAR

那么这个文件里有什么呢？

g = open('example.ics','rb')
gcal = Calendar.from_ical(g.read())
for component in gcal.walk():
    print component.name
g.close()

你可以很容易地查看：

>>> 
VCALENDAR
VEVENT
>>> 

那关于事件的数据怎么解析呢：

g = open('example.ics','rb')
gcal = Calendar.from_ical(g.read())
for component in gcal.walk():
    if component.name == "VEVENT":
        print(component.get('summary'))
        print(component.get('dtstart'))
        print(component.get('dtend'))
        print(component.get('dtstamp'))
g.close()

现在你得到了：

>>> 
Python meeting about calendaring
20050404T080000Z
20050404T100000Z
20050404T001000Z
>>>