在回调中反向转换ctypes.py_object
我正在尝试用ctypes来封装一个C语言的库。这个库有一个功能是ondestroy回调,当库返回的句柄快要被销毁时会调用这个回调。
这个回调的格式是:
void cb(f *beingdestroyed);
这个API允许我们在库返回时,关联一个用户指定的void *
。所以我可以把用来封装它的py_object作为用户数据关联上。我的计划是设置一个is_valid
字段,当回调被触发时提取用户数据,并把这个字段设置为false。
我遇到的问题是如何提取我的高层py_object
;我可以获取用户数据作为ctypes.void_p
,然后转换成ctypes.py_object
,但这样我只能使用Python的C API。有没有办法通过写user_object.is_valid = 0
来反向转换成我可以使用的高层对象呢?
3 个回答
我把Bob Pyron的回答里的信息应用到了我的代码中,但我不喜欢回调函数需要知道它是被C程序调用的,还要处理一些ctypes的东西。结果发现,只需稍微改动一下,_private_enumerateBunnies()就可以接收一个Python对象,而不是一个空指针。我的代码里做了类似的改动:
FLUFFYBUNNY_CALLBACK = CFUNCTYPE(c_int, py_object)
这样一来,所有复杂的C语言相关的东西就隐藏在了已经处理这些内容的代码里,不会扩散到使用这个API的用户(也就是提供回调的那些人)身上。当然,你需要传递一个Python对象,但这算是个小限制。
我从Bob的原始回答中受益匪浅(当我克服了那些兔子之后),所以谢谢他!
通常的做法是完全避免这个问题。
可以用一个方法来代替函数作为回调,这样隐含的self
就能让你访问到user_data
这个字段。
为了更详细地解释Thomas Heller的回答:
- 回调函数的原型应该把上下文参数指定为
c_void_p
- 库函数的参数类型应该把上下文参数指定为
py_object
- 调用这个函数时应该用
py_object(my_python_context_object)
- 你在Python中实现的回调函数应该把上下文转换为py_object,并提取它的值:
cast(context, py_object).value
下面是一个可以运行的例子。首先是一个简单DLL的C源代码:
// FluffyBunny.c
// Compile on windows with command line
// cl /Gd /LD FluffyBunny.c
// Result is FluffyBunny.DLL, which exports one function:
// FluffyBunny() uses __cdecl calling convention.
#include <windows.h>
BOOL APIENTRY DllMain(HMODULE, DWORD, LPVOID) {
return TRUE;
}
typedef int (*FLUFFYBUNNY_CALLBACK)(void *context);
__declspec(dllexport) int FluffyBunny(FLUFFYBUNNY_CALLBACK cb, void *context) {
int result = 0;
int count = 0;
if (cb) {
while (result == 0) {
result = (*cb)(context);
++count;
}
}
return count;
}
接下来是一个调用这个DLL的Python程序:
# FluffyBunny.py
from ctypes import *
# Declare a class that will be used for context info in calls to FluffyBunny()
class Rabbit:
def __init__(self):
self.count = 0
# FluffyBunny() wants a callback function with the following C prototype:
# typedef int (*FLUFFYBUNNY_CALLBACK)(void *context);
FLUFFYBUNNY_CALLBACK = CFUNCTYPE(c_int, c_void_p)
# This DLL has been compiled with __cdecl calling convention.
FluffyBunny_dll = CDLL('FluffyBunny.dll')
# Get the function from the library. Its C prototype is:
# int FluffyBunny(FLUFFYBUNNY_CALLBACK cb, void *context);
# Note that I use "py_object" instead of "c_void_p" for the context argument.
FluffyBunny = FluffyBunny_dll.FluffyBunny
FluffyBunny.restype = c_int
FluffyBunny.argtypes = [FLUFFYBUNNY_CALLBACK, py_object]
# Create Python version of the callback function.
def _private_enumerateBunnies(context):
# Convert the context argument to a py_object, and extract its value.
# This gives us the original Rabbit object that was passed in to
# FluffyBunny().
furball = cast(context, py_object).value
# Do something with the context object.
if furball:
furball.count += 1
print 'furball.count =', furball.count
# Return non-zero as signal that FluffyBunny() should terminate
return 0 if (furball.count < 10) else -1
else:
return -1
# Convert it to a C-callable function.
enumerateBunnies = FLUFFYBUNNY_CALLBACK(_private_enumerateBunnies)
# Try with no context info.
print 'no context info...'
result = FluffyBunny(enumerateBunnies, None)
print 'result=', result
# Give it a Python object as context info.
print 'instance of Rabbit as context info...'
furball = Rabbit()
result = FluffyBunny(enumerateBunnies, py_object(furball))
print 'result=', result