Python字符串拼接与str.join的速度对比如何?
因为我在这个讨论中的回答引起了一些评论,我想知道使用 +=
操作符和 ''.join()
方法之间的速度差别有多大。
那么,这两者的速度比较到底怎么样呢?
7 个回答
11
我之前的代码是错的,看来用+
来连接字符串通常会更快(尤其是在新版本的Python和新硬件上)
以下是一些时间记录:
Iterations: 1,000,000
在Windows 7上运行Python 3.3,使用Core i7处理器
String of len: 1 took: 0.5710 0.2880 seconds
String of len: 4 took: 0.9480 0.5830 seconds
String of len: 6 took: 1.2770 0.8130 seconds
String of len: 12 took: 2.0610 1.5930 seconds
String of len: 80 took: 10.5140 37.8590 seconds
String of len: 222 took: 27.3400 134.7440 seconds
String of len: 443 took: 52.9640 170.6440 seconds
在Windows 7上运行Python 2.7,使用Core i7处理器
String of len: 1 took: 0.7190 0.4960 seconds
String of len: 4 took: 1.0660 0.6920 seconds
String of len: 6 took: 1.3300 0.8560 seconds
String of len: 12 took: 1.9980 1.5330 seconds
String of len: 80 took: 9.0520 25.7190 seconds
String of len: 222 took: 23.1620 71.3620 seconds
String of len: 443 took: 44.3620 117.1510 seconds
在Linux Mint上运行Python 2.7,使用一些较慢的处理器
String of len: 1 took: 1.8840 1.2990 seconds
String of len: 4 took: 2.8394 1.9663 seconds
String of len: 6 took: 3.5177 2.4162 seconds
String of len: 12 took: 5.5456 4.1695 seconds
String of len: 80 took: 27.8813 19.2180 seconds
String of len: 222 took: 69.5679 55.7790 seconds
String of len: 443 took: 135.6101 153.8212 seconds
下面是代码:
from __future__ import print_function
import time
def strcat(string):
newstr = ''
for char in string:
newstr += char
return newstr
def listcat(string):
chars = []
for char in string:
chars.append(char)
return ''.join(chars)
def test(fn, times, *args):
start = time.time()
for x in range(times):
fn(*args)
return "{:>10.4f}".format(time.time() - start)
def testall():
strings = ['a', 'long', 'longer', 'a bit longer',
'''adjkrsn widn fskejwoskemwkoskdfisdfasdfjiz oijewf sdkjjka dsf sdk siasjk dfwijs''',
'''this is a really long string that's so long
it had to be triple quoted and contains lots of
superflous characters for kicks and gigles
@!#(*_#)(*$(*!#@&)(*E\xc4\x32\xff\x92\x23\xDF\xDFk^%#$!)%#^(*#''',
'''I needed another long string but this one won't have any new lines or crazy characters in it, I'm just going to type normal characters that I would usually write blah blah blah blah this is some more text hey cool what's crazy is that it looks that the str += is really close to the O(n^2) worst case performance, but it looks more like the other method increases in a perhaps linear scale? I don't know but I think this is enough text I hope.''']
for string in strings:
print("String of len:", len(string), "took:", test(listcat, 1000000, string), test(strcat, 1000000, string), "seconds")
testall()
12
注意:这个基准测试是非正式的,计划重新进行,因为它没有全面展示这些方法在处理更长字符串时的表现。正如@Mark Amery在评论中提到的,+=
的速度并不总是比使用f
-字符串快,而str#join
在实际使用中并没有明显慢很多。
这些指标可能已经过时,因为后续的CPython版本,特别是3.11,带来了显著的性能提升。
现有的回答写得很好,研究也很深入,但这里再提供一个针对Python 3.6时代的回答,因为现在我们有了字面字符串插值(也就是f
-字符串):
>>> import timeit
>>> timeit.timeit('f\'{"a"}{"b"}{"c"}\'', number=1000000)
0.14618930302094668
>>> timeit.timeit('"".join(["a", "b", "c"])', number=1000000)
0.23334730707574636
>>> timeit.timeit('a = "a"; a += "b"; a += "c"', number=1000000)
0.14985873899422586
测试是在2012年的Retina MacBook Pro上使用CPython 3.6.5进行的,配备2.3 GHz的Intel Core i7处理器。
135
来自:高效的字符串连接
方法 1:
def method1():
out_str = ''
for num in xrange(loop_count):
out_str += 'num'
return out_str
方法 4:
def method4():
str_list = []
for num in xrange(loop_count):
str_list.append('num')
return ''.join(str_list)
现在我意识到这些方法并不完全代表所有情况,第四种方法是先把字符串添加到一个列表里,然后再遍历这个列表,把每个项连接起来,但这也算是一个合理的例子。
使用字符串的 join 方法比直接连接字符串要快得多。
为什么呢?因为字符串是不可变的,不能直接修改。如果想改变一个字符串,就得创建一个新的字符串(就是把两个字符串连接起来)。