Python numpy 滚动与填充

Question

我想对一个二维的numpy数组进行滚动操作，不过我希望在两端填充零，而不是像周期性那样滚动数据。

下面的代码

import numpy as np

x = np.array([[1, 2, 3], [4, 5, 6]])

np.roll(x, 1, axis=1)

返回的结果是

array([[3, 1, 2], [6, 4, 5]])

但我更希望得到的是

array([[0, 1, 2], [0, 4, 5]])

Answer 1

我刚刚写了下面的代码。其实可以更优化一点，避免使用 zeros_like，直接计算 zeros 的形状就可以了。

import numpy as np
def roll_zeropad(a, shift, axis=None):
    """
    Roll array elements along a given axis.

    Elements off the end of the array are treated as zeros.

    Parameters
    ----------
    a : array_like
        Input array.
    shift : int
        The number of places by which elements are shifted.
    axis : int, optional
        The axis along which elements are shifted.  By default, the array
        is flattened before shifting, after which the original
        shape is restored.

    Returns
    -------
    res : ndarray
        Output array, with the same shape as `a`.

    See Also
    --------
    roll     : Elements that roll off one end come back on the other.
    rollaxis : Roll the specified axis backwards, until it lies in a
               given position.

    Examples
    --------
    >>> x = np.arange(10)
    >>> roll_zeropad(x, 2)
    array([0, 0, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7])
    >>> roll_zeropad(x, -2)
    array([2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 0, 0])

    >>> x2 = np.reshape(x, (2,5))
    >>> x2
    array([[0, 1, 2, 3, 4],
           [5, 6, 7, 8, 9]])
    >>> roll_zeropad(x2, 1)
    array([[0, 0, 1, 2, 3],
           [4, 5, 6, 7, 8]])
    >>> roll_zeropad(x2, -2)
    array([[2, 3, 4, 5, 6],
           [7, 8, 9, 0, 0]])
    >>> roll_zeropad(x2, 1, axis=0)
    array([[0, 0, 0, 0, 0],
           [0, 1, 2, 3, 4]])
    >>> roll_zeropad(x2, -1, axis=0)
    array([[5, 6, 7, 8, 9],
           [0, 0, 0, 0, 0]])
    >>> roll_zeropad(x2, 1, axis=1)
    array([[0, 0, 1, 2, 3],
           [0, 5, 6, 7, 8]])
    >>> roll_zeropad(x2, -2, axis=1)
    array([[2, 3, 4, 0, 0],
           [7, 8, 9, 0, 0]])

    >>> roll_zeropad(x2, 50)
    array([[0, 0, 0, 0, 0],
           [0, 0, 0, 0, 0]])
    >>> roll_zeropad(x2, -50)
    array([[0, 0, 0, 0, 0],
           [0, 0, 0, 0, 0]])
    >>> roll_zeropad(x2, 0)
    array([[0, 1, 2, 3, 4],
           [5, 6, 7, 8, 9]])

    """
    a = np.asanyarray(a)
    if shift == 0: return a
    if axis is None:
        n = a.size
        reshape = True
    else:
        n = a.shape[axis]
        reshape = False
    if np.abs(shift) > n:
        res = np.zeros_like(a)
    elif shift < 0:
        shift += n
        zeros = np.zeros_like(a.take(np.arange(n-shift), axis))
        res = np.concatenate((a.take(np.arange(n-shift,n), axis), zeros), axis)
    else:
        zeros = np.zeros_like(a.take(np.arange(n-shift,n), axis))
        res = np.concatenate((zeros, a.take(np.arange(n-shift), axis)), axis)
    if reshape:
        return res.reshape(a.shape)
    else:
        return res

Answer 2

numpy.pad 可以用来创建一个周围有零的数组。这个填充功能看起来非常强大，能做的事情远不止简单的“滚动”。在这个回答中使用的元组 ((0,0),(1,0)) 表示要在哪一边给矩阵填充。

import numpy as np
x = np.array([[1, 2, 3],[4, 5, 6]])

print np.pad(x,((0,0),(1,0)), mode='constant')[:, :-1]

给出

[[0 1 2]
 [0 4 5]]

Answer 3

我觉得你找不到更简单的内置方法来做到这一点。这个调整看起来对我来说很简单：

y = np.roll(x,1,axis=1)
y[:,0] = 0

如果你想让这个过程更直接一点，可以把roll函数复制到一个新函数里，然后修改它来实现你想要的功能。roll()函数在site-packages\core\numeric.py这个文件里。