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Django 部署问题

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提问于 2025-04-15 21:53
__name__ = settings
__file__ = /opt/django/workshop/settings.pyc
os.getpid() = 7207
os.getcwd() = /opt/django/workshop
os.curdir = .
sys.path = ['/opt/django', '/opt/django/workshop', '/opt/django/workshop', '/opt/python2.6/lib/python26.zip', '/opt/python2.6/lib/python2.6', '/opt/python2.6/lib/python2.6/plat-linux2', '/opt/python2.6/lib/python2.6/lib-tk', '/opt/python2.6/lib/python2.6/lib-old', '/opt/python2.6/lib/python2.6/lib-dynload', '/opt/python2.6/lib/python2.6/site-packages']
sys.modules.keys() = ['copy_reg', 'encodings', 'site', '__builtin__', '__main__', 'encodings.encodings', 'abc', 'posixpath', 'errno', 'encodings.codecs', '_abcoll', 'types', '_codecs', '_warnings', 'genericpath', 'stat', 'zipimport', 'encodings.__builtin__', 'warnings', 'UserDict', 'encodings.utf_8', 'sys', 'codecs', 'os.path', 'settings', 'signal', 'linecache', 'posix', 'encodings.aliases', 'exceptions', 'os']
sys.modules.has_key('workshop') = False
__name__ = workshop.settings
__file__ = /opt/django/workshop/settings.pyc
os.getpid() = 7207
os.getcwd() = /opt/django/workshop
os.curdir = .
sys.path = ['/opt/django', '/opt/django/workshop', '/opt/django/workshop', '/opt/python2.6/lib/python26.zip', '/opt/python2.6/lib/python2.6', '/opt/python2.6/lib/python2.6/plat-linux2', '/opt/python2.6/lib/python2.6/lib-tk', '/opt/python2.6/lib/python2.6/lib-old', '/opt/python2.6/lib/python2.6/lib-dynload', '/opt/python2.6/lib/python2.6/site-packages']
sys.modules.keys() = ['django.core.exceptions', 'django.core.management.django', 'copy_reg', 'sre_compile', 'django.conf.os', 'locale', '_sre', 'functools', 'encodings', 'django.conf.global_settings', 'site', '__builtin__', 'django.core.management', 'django.core.management.sys', 'django.utils.functional', '__main__', 'operator', 'encodings.encodings', 'django.utils.re', 'django.core.management.imp', 'django.core.management.color', 'abc', 'posixpath', 'django.utils', 'imp', 'errno', 'encodings.codecs', 'gettext', 'sre_constants', 'django.conf', 're', '_abcoll', 'types', 'django.utils.importlib', '_codecs', 'django.core.management.optparse', 'django.core.management.base', '_struct', '_warnings', 'django.conf.django', 'genericpath', 'stat', 'zipimport', 'encodings.__builtin__', 'string', 'django.utils.termcolors', 'warnings', 'optparse', 'UserDict', 'struct', 'encodings.utf_8', 'django.utils.sys', 'textwrap', 'sys', 'django.django', 'codecs', 'django.utils.version', 'django.utils.os', 'copy', 'workshop.settings', 'os.path', 'strop', '_functools', '_locale', 'django.conf.time', 'django.conf.re', 'workshop.sys', 'settings', 'workshop', 'signal', 'django.core', 'django.utils.django', 'django', 'django.core.management.os', 'linecache', 'posix', 'encodings.aliases', 'time', 'exceptions', 'sre_parse', 'os', 'workshop.os']
sys.modules.has_key('workshop') = True
sys.modules['wokshop'].__name__ = workshop
sys.modules['workshop'].__file__ = /opt/django/workshop/__init__.pyc
os.environ['DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE'] = workshop.settings

我已经在这个问题上徘徊了几天，觉得是时候寻求一些帮助了，我觉得我的安装应该没问题……

服务器操作系统：Centos 5

Python 版本：2.6.5

Django 版本：(1, 1, 1, 'final', 0)

我的 Apache 配置：

<VirtualHost *:80>
    DocumentRoot /opt/workshop
    ServerName taller.antell.com.py
    WSGIScriptAlias / /opt/workshop/workshop.wsgi
    WSGIDaemonProcess taller.antell.com.py user=ignacio group=ignacio processes=2 threads=25
    ErrorLog /opt/workshop/apache.error.log
    CustomLog /opt/workshop/apache.custom.log combined

    <Directory "/opt/workshop">
            Options +ExecCGI +FollowSymLinks -Indexes -MultiViews
            AllowOverride All
            Order allow,deny
            Allow from all
    </Directory>
</VirtualHost>

我的 mod_wsgi 配置：

import os
import sys

sys.path.append('/opt/workshop')

os.environ['DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE'] = 'workshop.settings'
os.environ['PYTHON_EGG_CACHE'] = '/tmp/.python-eggs'

import django.core.handlers.wsgi
application = django.core.handlers.wsgi.WSGIHandler( )

我在 Apache 错误日志中看到的错误是：

[Wed Apr 21 15:17:48 2010] [error] [client 190.128.226.122] mod_wsgi (pid=11459): Exception occurred processing WSGI script '/opt/workshop/workshop.wsgi'.
[Wed Apr 21 15:17:48 2010] [error] [client 190.128.226.122] Traceback (most recent call last):
[Wed Apr 21 15:17:48 2010] [error] [client 190.128.226.122]   File "/opt/python2.6/lib/python2.6/site-packages/django/core/handlers/wsgi.py", line 241, in __call__
[Wed Apr 21 15:17:48 2010] [error] [client 190.128.226.122]     response = self.get_response(request)
[Wed Apr 21 15:17:48 2010] [error] [client 190.128.226.122]   File "/opt/python2.6/lib/python2.6/site-packages/django/core/handlers/base.py", line 134, in get_response
[Wed Apr 21 15:17:48 2010] [error] [client 190.128.226.122]     return self.handle_uncaught_exception(request, resolver, exc_info)
[Wed Apr 21 15:17:48 2010] [error] [client 190.128.226.122]   File "/opt/python2.6/lib/python2.6/site-packages/django/core/handlers/base.py", line 154, in handle_uncaught_exception
[Wed Apr 21 15:17:48 2010] [error] [client 190.128.226.122]     return debug.technical_500_response(request, *exc_info)
[Wed Apr 21 15:17:48 2010] [error] [client 190.128.226.122]   File "/opt/python2.6/lib/python2.6/site-packages/django/views/debug.py", line 40, in technical_500_response
[Wed Apr 21 15:17:48 2010] [error] [client 190.128.226.122]     html = reporter.get_traceback_html()
[Wed Apr 21 15:17:48 2010] [error] [client 190.128.226.122]   File "/opt/python2.6/lib/python2.6/site-packages/django/views/debug.py", line 114, in get_traceback_html
[Wed Apr 21 15:17:48 2010] [error] [client 190.128.226.122]     return t.render(c)
[Wed Apr 21 15:17:48 2010] [error] [client 190.128.226.122]   File "/opt/python2.6/lib/python2.6/site-packages/django/template/__init__.py", line 178, in render
[Wed Apr 21 15:17:48 2010] [error] [client 190.128.226.122]     return self.nodelist.render(context)
[Wed Apr 21 15:17:48 2010] [error] [client 190.128.226.122]   File "/opt/python2.6/lib/python2.6/site-packages/django/template/__init__.py", line 779, in render
[Wed Apr 21 15:17:48 2010] [error] [client 190.128.226.122]     bits.append(self.render_node(node, context))
[Wed Apr 21 15:17:48 2010] [error] [client 190.128.226.122]   File "/opt/python2.6/lib/python2.6/site-packages/django/template/debug.py", line 81, in render_node
[Wed Apr 21 15:17:48 2010] [error] [client 190.128.226.122]     raise wrapped
[Wed Apr 21 15:17:48 2010] [error] [client 190.128.226.122] TemplateSyntaxError: Caught an exception while rendering: No module named vehicles
[Wed Apr 21 15:17:48 2010] [error] [client 190.128.226.122] 
[Wed Apr 21 15:17:48 2010] [error] [client 190.128.226.122] Original Traceback (most recent call last):
[Wed Apr 21 15:17:48 2010] [error] [client 190.128.226.122]   File "/opt/python2.6/lib/python2.6/site-packages/django/template/debug.py", line 71, in render_node
[Wed Apr 21 15:17:48 2010] [error] [client 190.128.226.122]     result = node.render(context)
[Wed Apr 21 15:17:48 2010] [error] [client 190.128.226.122]   File "/opt/python2.6/lib/python2.6/site-packages/django/template/debug.py", line 87, in render
[Wed Apr 21 15:17:48 2010] [error] [client 190.128.226.122]     output = force_unicode(self.filter_expression.resolve(context))
[Wed Apr 21 15:17:48 2010] [error] [client 190.128.226.122]   File "/opt/python2.6/lib/python2.6/site-packages/django/template/__init__.py", line 572, in resolve
[Wed Apr 21 15:17:48 2010] [error] [client 190.128.226.122]     new_obj = func(obj, *arg_vals)
[Wed Apr 21 15:17:48 2010] [error] [client 190.128.226.122]   File "/opt/python2.6/lib/python2.6/site-packages/django/template/defaultfilters.py", line 687, in date
[Wed Apr 21 15:17:48 2010] [error] [client 190.128.226.122]     return format(value, arg)
[Wed Apr 21 15:17:48 2010] [error] [client 190.128.226.122]   File "/opt/python2.6/lib/python2.6/site-packages/django/utils/dateformat.py", line 269, in format
[Wed Apr 21 15:17:48 2010] [error] [client 190.128.226.122]     return df.format(format_string)
[Wed Apr 21 15:17:48 2010] [error] [client 190.128.226.122]   File "/opt/python2.6/lib/python2.6/site-packages/django/utils/dateformat.py", line 30, in format
[Wed Apr 21 15:17:48 2010] [error] [client 190.128.226.122]     pieces.append(force_unicode(getattr(self, piece)()))
[Wed Apr 21 15:17:48 2010] [error] [client 190.128.226.122]   File "/opt/python2.6/lib/python2.6/site-packages/django/utils/dateformat.py", line 175, in r
[Wed Apr 21 15:17:48 2010] [error] [client 190.128.226.122]     return self.format('D, j M Y H:i:s O')
[Wed Apr 21 15:17:48 2010] [error] [client 190.128.226.122]   File "/opt/python2.6/lib/python2.6/site-packages/django/utils/dateformat.py", line 30, in format
[Wed Apr 21 15:17:48 2010] [error] [client 190.128.226.122]     pieces.append(force_unicode(getattr(self, piece)()))
[Wed Apr 21 15:17:48 2010] [error] [client 190.128.226.122]   File "/opt/python2.6/lib/python2.6/site-packages/django/utils/encoding.py", line 71, in force_unicode
[Wed Apr 21 15:17:48 2010] [error] [client 190.128.226.122]     s = unicode(s)
[Wed Apr 21 15:17:48 2010] [error] [client 190.128.226.122]   File "/opt/python2.6/lib/python2.6/site-packages/django/utils/functional.py", line 201, in __unicode_cast
[Wed Apr 21 15:17:48 2010] [error] [client 190.128.226.122]     return self.__func(*self.__args, **self.__kw)
[Wed Apr 21 15:17:48 2010] [error] [client 190.128.226.122]   File "/opt/python2.6/lib/python2.6/site-packages/django/utils/translation/__init__.py", line 62, in ugettext
[Wed Apr 21 15:17:48 2010] [error] [client 190.128.226.122]     return real_ugettext(message)
[Wed Apr 21 15:17:48 2010] [error] [client 190.128.226.122]   File "/opt/python2.6/lib/python2.6/site-packages/django/utils/translation/trans_real.py", line 286, in ugettext
[Wed Apr 21 15:17:48 2010] [error] [client 190.128.226.122]     return do_translate(message, 'ugettext')
[Wed Apr 21 15:17:48 2010] [error] [client 190.128.226.122]   File "/opt/python2.6/lib/python2.6/site-packages/django/utils/translation/trans_real.py", line 276, in do_translate
[Wed Apr 21 15:17:48 2010] [error] [client 190.128.226.122]     _default = translation(settings.LANGUAGE_CODE)
[Wed Apr 21 15:17:48 2010] [error] [client 190.128.226.122]   File "/opt/python2.6/lib/python2.6/site-packages/django/utils/translation/trans_real.py", line 194, in translation
[Wed Apr 21 15:17:48 2010] [error] [client 190.128.226.122]     default_translation = _fetch(settings.LANGUAGE_CODE)
[Wed Apr 21 15:17:48 2010] [error] [client 190.128.226.122]   File "/opt/python2.6/lib/python2.6/site-packages/django/utils/translation/trans_real.py", line 180, in _fetch
[Wed Apr 21 15:17:48 2010] [error] [client 190.128.226.122]     app = import_module(appname)
[Wed Apr 21 15:17:48 2010] [error] [client 190.128.226.122]   File "/opt/python2.6/lib/python2.6/site-packages/django/utils/importlib.py", line 35, in import_module
[Wed Apr 21 15:17:48 2010] [error] [client 190.128.226.122]     __import__(name)
[Wed Apr 21 15:17:48 2010] [error] [client 190.128.226.122] ImportError: No module named vehicles
[Wed Apr 21 15:17:48 2010] [error] [client 190.128.226.122] 
[Wed Apr 21 15:17:48 2010] [error] [client 190.128.226.122] mod_wsgi (pid=11463): Exception occurred processing WSGI script '/opt/workshop/workshop.wsgi'.
[Wed Apr 21 15:17:48 2010] [error] [client 190.128.226.122] Traceback (most recent call last):
[Wed Apr 21 15:17:48 2010] [error] [client 190.128.226.122]   File "/opt/python2.6/lib/python2.6/site-packages/django/core/handlers/wsgi.py", line 241, in __call__
[Wed Apr 21 15:17:48 2010] [error] [client 190.128.226.122]     response = self.get_response(request)
[Wed Apr 21 15:17:48 2010] [error] [client 190.128.226.122]   File "/opt/python2.6/lib/python2.6/site-packages/django/core/handlers/base.py", line 73, in get_response
[Wed Apr 21 15:17:48 2010] [error] [client 190.128.226.122]     response = middleware_method(request)
[Wed Apr 21 15:17:48 2010] [error] [client 190.128.226.122]   File "/opt/python2.6/lib/python2.6/site-packages/django/middleware/common.py", line 56, in process_request
[Wed Apr 21 15:17:48 2010] [error] [client 190.128.226.122]     if (not _is_valid_path(request.path_info) and
[Wed Apr 21 15:17:48 2010] [error] [client 190.128.226.122]   File "/opt/python2.6/lib/python2.6/site-packages/django/middleware/common.py", line 142, in _is_valid_path
[Wed Apr 21 15:17:48 2010] [error] [client 190.128.226.122]     urlresolvers.resolve(path)
[Wed Apr 21 15:17:48 2010] [error] [client 190.128.226.122]   File "/opt/python2.6/lib/python2.6/site-packages/django/core/urlresolvers.py", line 303, in resolve
[Wed Apr 21 15:17:48 2010] [error] [client 190.128.226.122]     return get_resolver(urlconf).resolve(path)
[Wed Apr 21 15:17:48 2010] [error] [client 190.128.226.122]   File "/opt/python2.6/lib/python2.6/site-packages/django/core/urlresolvers.py", line 218, in resolve
[Wed Apr 21 15:17:48 2010] [error] [client 190.128.226.122]     sub_match = pattern.resolve(new_path)
[Wed Apr 21 15:17:48 2010] [error] [client 190.128.226.122]   File "/opt/python2.6/lib/python2.6/site-packages/django/core/urlresolvers.py", line 216, in resolve
[Wed Apr 21 15:17:48 2010] [error] [client 190.128.226.122]     for pattern in self.url_patterns:
[Wed Apr 21 15:17:48 2010] [error] [client 190.128.226.122]   File "/opt/python2.6/lib/python2.6/site-packages/django/core/urlresolvers.py", line 245, in _get_url_patterns
[Wed Apr 21 15:17:48 2010] [error] [client 190.128.226.122]     patterns = getattr(self.urlconf_module, "urlpatterns", self.urlconf_module)
[Wed Apr 21 15:17:48 2010] [error] [client 190.128.226.122]   File "/opt/python2.6/lib/python2.6/site-packages/django/core/urlresolvers.py", line 240, in _get_urlconf_module
[Wed Apr 21 15:17:48 2010] [error] [client 190.128.226.122]     self._urlconf_module = import_module(self.urlconf_name)
[Wed Apr 21 15:17:48 2010] [error] [client 190.128.226.122]   File "/opt/python2.6/lib/python2.6/site-packages/django/utils/importlib.py", line 35, in import_module
[Wed Apr 21 15:17:48 2010] [error] [client 190.128.226.122]     __import__(name)
[Wed Apr 21 15:17:48 2010] [error] [client 190.128.226.122] ImportError: No module named vehicles.urls

请帮帮我，我卡住了……显然是我的车辆模块（应用中唯一的一个）出了问题，另外，当我尝试：

[root@localhost workshop]# python manage.py runserver 0:8000

这个应用运行得很好，我觉得问题可能出在 wsgi 配置上，有些地方没有对上……

谢谢……

更新：工作目录看起来是……

[root@localhost workshop]# ls -l
total 504
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  22706 Apr 21 15:17 apache.custom.log
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 408141 Apr 21 15:17 apache.error.log
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root      0 Apr 17 10:56 __init__.py
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root    124 Apr 21 11:09 __init__.pyc
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root    542 Apr 17 10:56 manage.py
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root   3326 Apr 17 10:56 settings.py
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root   2522 Apr 21 11:09 settings.pyc
drw-r--r-- 4 root root   4096 Apr 17 10:56 templates
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root    381 Apr 21 13:42 urls.py
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root    398 Apr 21 13:00 urls.pyc
drw-r--r-- 2 root root   4096 Apr 21 13:44 vehicles
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  38912 Apr 17 10:56 workshop.db
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root    263 Apr 21 15:30 workshop.wsgi

车辆目录

[root@localhost vehicles]# ls -l
total 52
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  390 Apr 17 10:56 admin.py
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  967 Apr 21 13:00 admin.pyc
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  732 Apr 17 10:56 forms.py
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2086 Apr 21 13:00 forms.pyc
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root    0 Apr 17 10:56 __init__.py
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  133 Apr 21 11:36 __init__.pyc
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  936 Apr 17 10:56 models.py
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1827 Apr 21 11:36 models.pyc
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  514 Apr 17 10:56 tests.py
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  989 Apr 21 13:44 tests.pyc
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1035 Apr 17 10:56 urls.py
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1935 Apr 21 13:00 urls.pyc
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 3164 Apr 17 10:56 views.py
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 4081 Apr 21 13:00 views.pyc

更新 2：这是我的 settings.py 文件

# Django settings for workshop project.

DEBUG = True
TEMPLATE_DEBUG = DEBUG

ADMINS = (
    ('Ignacio Rojas', 'ignacio@antell.com.py'),
    ('Fabian Biedermann', 'fabian@antell.com.py'),
)

MANAGERS = ADMINS

DATABASE_ENGINE = 'sqlite3' 
DATABASE_NAME = '/opt/workshop/workshop.db'
DATABASE_USER = ''
DATABASE_PASSWORD = ''
DATABASE_HOST = ''
DATABASE_PORT = ''

# Local time zone for this installation. Choices can be found here:
# http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_tz_zones_by_name
# although not all choices may be available on all operating systems.
# If running in a Windows environment this must be set to the same as your
# system time zone.
TIME_ZONE = 'America/Asuncion'

# Language code for this installation. All choices can be found here:
# http://www.i18nguy.com/unicode/language-identifiers.html
LANGUAGE_CODE = 'es-py'

SITE_ID = 1

# If you set this to False, Django will make some optimizations so as not
# to load the internationalization machinery.
USE_I18N = True

# Absolute path to the directory that holds media.
# Example: "/home/media/media.lawrence.com/"
MEDIA_ROOT = ''

# URL that handles the media served from MEDIA_ROOT. Make sure to use a
# trailing slash if there is a path component (optional in other cases).
# Examples: "http://media.lawrence.com", "http://example.com/media/"
MEDIA_URL = ''

# URL prefix for admin media -- CSS, JavaScript and images. Make sure to use a
# trailing slash.
# Examples: "http://foo.com/media/", "/media/".
ADMIN_MEDIA_PREFIX = '/media/'

# Make this unique, and don't share it with anybody.
SECRET_KEY = '11y0_jb=+b4^nq@2-fo#g$-ihk5*v&d5-8hg_y0i@*9$w8jalp'

MIDDLEWARE_CLASSES = (
    'django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware',
)

ROOT_URLCONF = 'workshop.urls'

TEMPLATE_DIRS = (
    # Put strings here, like "/home/html/django_templates" or "C:/www/django/templates".
    # Always use forward slashes, even on Windows.
    # Don't forget to use absolute paths, not relative paths.
    "/opt/workshop/templates"
)

INSTALLED_APPS = (
    'django.contrib.admin',
    'django.contrib.auth',
    'django.contrib.contenttypes',
    'django.contrib.sessions',
    'django.contrib.sites',
    'workshop.vehicles',
)

TEMPLATE_CONTEXT_PROCESSORS = (
    'django.core.context_processors.auth',
    'django.core.context_processors.debug',
    'django.core.context_processors.i18n',
    'django.core.context_processors.media',
)

这是在测试时输出的内容：

http://blog.dscpl.com.au/2010/03/improved-wsgi-script-for-use-with.html

新的 wsgi：

import sys

sys.path.insert(0, '/opt/django/workshop')
sys.path.insert(0, '/opt/django')

import settings

import django.core.management
django.core.management.setup_environ( settings)
utility = django.core.management.ManagementUtility( )
command = utility.fetch_command( 'runserver')

command.validate( )

import django.conf
import django.utils

django.utils.translation.activate( django.conf.settings.LANGUAGE_CODE)

import django.core.handlers.wsgi

application = django.core.handlers.wsgi.WSGIHandler( )

解决方案：

chmod -R 755 workshop && chown -R apache:apache workshop
django apache centos wsgi 部署 应用开发 错误日志 配置

2 个回答

0

我猜你的路径其实是 /opt/workshop/workshop/

所以在你的 wsgi 文件里，你应该写 sys.path.append('/opt/workshop/workshop')。如果不是这样的话，workshop.settings 应该改成 settings。

[编辑]

我认为你有三种选择。

  1. 把 opt 加到 sys.path 里，这样 workshop.urls 之类的就能工作了（我觉得这不是个好主意，因为 opt 可能包含任何东西）
  2. 从所有路径中去掉 workshop
  3. 把 Python 代码移动到一个 workshop（或者其他名字的）目录下（确保里面有一个 __init__.py 文件）

我个人会选择第三个选项，因为否则你会把 Python 应用和其他东西（比如媒体、模板等）混在一起。

回答于 2025-04-15 由 Python大师
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3

试着把包含settings.py文件的文件夹和它的上级文件夹都添加到sys.path中。更好的办法是去看看这个链接：'http://blog.dscpl.com.au/2010/03/improved-wsgi-script-for-use-with.html'，文末有介绍WSGI脚本文件的内容（在阅读完帖子后，你会明白为什么这是个问题）。:-)

更新 1

在你另一条评论中，你提到你的权限是'drw-r--r-- 2 root root vehicles'。

这里的'x'权限没有设置，这意味着没有人可以进入这个文件夹。这会导致任何需要查看文件夹内容的操作失败。

换句话说，检查一下你所有文件夹的权限，把它们改成'drwxr-xr-x'。

另外，因为你创建的文件夹是由root用户拥有的，如果你的应用需要往这些文件夹里写东西，它就无法做到。

总之，就是文件夹/文件的权限问题。

回答于 2025-04-15 由 Python大师
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