我的glfw窗口为什么不显示任何内容?

-3 投票
1 回答
41 浏览
提问于 2025-04-12 02:32

我最近在使用GLFW的时候遇到了一个奇怪的问题。

我有一段代码是用来在GLFW窗口里画一个彩色立方体的。但是屏幕上什么都没有显示,完全是空白,也没有报错。下面是我用Python写的最简代码:

import glfw
from OpenGL.GL import *
import numpy as np
from OpenGL import GL as gl
from OpenGL.GL import shaders


def load_shaders(vertex_shader, fragment_shader):
    vertex_shader = open(vertex_shader, "r").read()
    fragment_shader = open(fragment_shader, "r").read()
    active_shader = shaders.compileProgram(
        shaders.compileShader(vertex_shader, GL_VERTEX_SHADER),
        shaders.compileShader(fragment_shader, GL_FRAGMENT_SHADER),
    )
    return active_shader


if not glfw.init():
    raise Exception("glfw can not be initialized!")


glfw.window_hint(glfw.CONTEXT_VERSION_MAJOR, 4)
glfw.window_hint(glfw.CONTEXT_VERSION_MINOR, 1)
glfw.window_hint(glfw.OPENGL_FORWARD_COMPAT, glfw.TRUE)
glfw.window_hint(glfw.OPENGL_PROFILE, glfw.OPENGL_CORE_PROFILE)
window = glfw.create_window(640, 480, "glfw test", None, None)
glfw.make_context_current(window)

gl.glEnable(GL_DEPTH_TEST)
glfw.swap_interval(1)
l = -0.5
h = 0.5
verts = np.array([
    l, l, h,  h, l, h,  l, h, h,  h, h, h,  # FRONT
    l, l, l,  l, h, l,  h, l, l,  h, h, l,  # BACK
    l, l, h,  l, h, h,  l, l, l,  l, h, l,  # LEFT
    h, l, l,  h, h, l,  h, l, h,  h, h, h,  # RIGHT
    l, h, h,  h, h, h,  l, h, l,  h, h, l,  # TOP
    l, l, h,  l, l, l,  h, l, h,  h, l, l   # BOTTOM
], dtype=np.float32).reshape(-1, 3)

colors = np.array([
    1.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0, 0.0, 0.0,
    1.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0, 0.0, 0.0,
    0.0, 1.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0, 0.0,
    0.0, 1.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0, 0.0,
    0.0, 0.0, 1.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0,
    0.0, 0.0, 1.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0,
], dtype=np.float32).reshape(-1, 3)

vao = glGenVertexArrays(1)
glBindVertexArray(vao)
shader = load_shaders(
    "shaders/copy_vert.glsl", "shaders/copy_frag.glsl")

pos = glGenBuffers(1)
glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, pos)
glBufferData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, verts.nbytes, verts.reshape(-1), GL_STATIC_DRAW)
glVertexAttribPointer(0, verts.shape[-1], GL_FLOAT, False, 0, 0)
glEnableVertexAttribArray(0)

frag = glGenBuffers(1)
glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, frag)
glBufferData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, colors.nbytes,
             colors.reshape(-1), GL_STATIC_DRAW)
glVertexAttribPointer(1, colors.shape[-1], GL_FLOAT, False, 0, 0)
glEnableVertexAttribArray(1)

while not glfw.window_should_close(window):
    glClearColor(0.0, 0.0, 0.4, 1.0)
    glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT)

    glUseProgram(shader)
    glBindVertexArray(vao)
    glEnableVertexAttribArray(0)
    glEnableVertexAttribArray(1)

    glDrawArrays(GL_TRIANGLE_STRIP, 0, 24)

    glUseProgram(0)
    glBindVertexArray(0)
    glDisableVertexAttribArray(0)
    glDisableVertexAttribArray(1)

    glfw.swap_buffers(window)
    glfw.poll_events()
glfw.destroy_window(window)
glfw.terminate()

这是我的着色器:

#version 330 core
out vec3 color;
void main(){
  color = vec3(1.0, 1.0, 0.0);
}
#version 330 core

layout(location = 0) in vec3 pos;
uniform mat4 MVP;

void main(){    
    gl_Position =  MVP * vec4(pos, 1.0);
}

问题是,如果我把GL_TRIANGLE_STRIP改成GL_POINTS,我能在窗口的原点看到一个亮点,这明显说明缓冲区里没有数据。但我很确定我的缓冲区是没问题的。

我使用的是glfw==2.7.0PyOpenGL==3.1.7。这个程序在M1的Mac和一台运行Ubuntu22.04的Linux机器上测试过,结果都是一样的。我是不是漏掉了什么?

如果我使用这段代码,绘制效果就很好,我能看到立方体的红色面朝着我:

import glfw
from OpenGL.GL import *
import numpy as np
from OpenGL import GL as gl
from OpenGL.GL import shaders


def load_shaders(vertex_shader, fragment_shader):
    vertex_shader = open(vertex_shader, "r").read()
    fragment_shader = open(fragment_shader, "r").read()
    active_shader = shaders.compileProgram(
        shaders.compileShader(vertex_shader, GL_VERTEX_SHADER),
        shaders.compileShader(fragment_shader, GL_FRAGMENT_SHADER),
    )
    return active_shader


if not glfw.init():
    raise Exception("glfw can not be initialized!")


window = glfw.create_window(640, 480, "glfw test", None, None)
glfw.make_context_current(window)

gl.glEnable(GL_DEPTH_TEST)
glfw.swap_interval(1)
l = -0.5
h = 0.5
verts = np.array([
    l, l, h,  h, l, h,  l, h, h,  h, h, h,  # FRONT
    l, l, l,  l, h, l,  h, l, l,  h, h, l,  # BACK
    l, l, h,  l, h, h,  l, l, l,  l, h, l,  # LEFT
    h, l, l,  h, h, l,  h, l, h,  h, h, h,  # RIGHT
    l, h, h,  h, h, h,  l, h, l,  h, h, l,  # TOP
    l, l, h,  l, l, l,  h, l, h,  h, l, l   # BOTTOM
], dtype=np.float32).reshape(-1, 3)

colors = np.array([
    1.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0, 0.0, 0.0,
    1.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0, 0.0, 0.0,
    0.0, 1.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0, 0.0,
    0.0, 1.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0, 0.0,
    0.0, 0.0, 1.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0,
    0.0, 0.0, 1.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0,
], dtype=np.float32).reshape(-1, 3)


while not glfw.window_should_close(window):
    glClearColor(0.0, 0.0, 0.4, 1.0)
    glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT)

    glVertexPointer(3, GL_FLOAT, 0, verts)
    glEnableClientState(GL_VERTEX_ARRAY)

    glColor4f(1.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0)
    glDrawArrays(GL_TRIANGLE_STRIP, 0, 4)
    glDrawArrays(GL_TRIANGLE_STRIP, 4, 4)

    glColor4f(0.0, 1.0, 0.0, 1.0)
    glDrawArrays(GL_TRIANGLE_STRIP, 8, 4)
    glDrawArrays(GL_TRIANGLE_STRIP, 12, 4)

    glColor4f(0.0, 0.0, 1.0, 1.0)
    glDrawArrays(GL_TRIANGLE_STRIP, 16, 4)
    glDrawArrays(GL_TRIANGLE_STRIP, 20, 4)

    glDisableClientState(GL_VERTEX_ARRAY)

    glfw.swap_buffers(window)
    glfw.poll_events()
glfw.destroy_window(window)
glfw.terminate()

可惜这不是我想要的效果,不使用glsl真是太麻烦了。

1 个回答

-1

我只需要把这个:

glVertexAttribPointer(0, verts.shape[-1], GL_FLOAT, False, 0, 0)
glVertexAttribPointer(1, colors.shape[-1], GL_FLOAT, False, 0, 0)

改成这个:

glVertexAttribPointer(0, verts.shape[-1], GL_FLOAT, False, 0, None)
glVertexAttribPointer(1, colors.shape[-1], GL_FLOAT, False, 0, None)

就解决了我的问题。

撰写回答