Python递归读取文件夹
我之前学过C++和Obj-C,现在刚开始接触Python(写了大约一个小时)。
我正在写一个脚本,用来递归地读取一个文件夹结构中的文本文件内容。
我遇到的问题是,我写的代码只能处理一层文件夹。我能明白为什么会这样(见#hardcoded path
),但由于我对Python的经验还很浅薄,不知道该如何继续前进。
Python代码:
import os
import sys
rootdir = sys.argv[1]
for root, subFolders, files in os.walk(rootdir):
for folder in subFolders:
outfileName = rootdir + "/" + folder + "/py-outfile.txt" # hardcoded path
folderOut = open( outfileName, 'w' )
print "outfileName is " + outfileName
for file in files:
filePath = rootdir + '/' + file
f = open( filePath, 'r' )
toWrite = f.read()
print "Writing '" + toWrite + "' to" + filePath
folderOut.write( toWrite )
f.close()
folderOut.close()
17 个回答
45
我同意Dave Webb的看法,os.walk
会为树形结构中的每个目录生成一个项目。实际上,你根本不需要关心subFolders
。
像这样的代码应该可以正常工作:
import os
import sys
rootdir = sys.argv[1]
for folder, subs, files in os.walk(rootdir):
with open(os.path.join(folder, 'python-outfile.txt'), 'w') as dest:
for filename in files:
with open(os.path.join(folder, filename), 'r') as src:
dest.write(src.read())
275
如果你使用的是Python 3.5或更高版本,你可以用一行代码就搞定这个。
import glob
# root_dir needs a trailing slash (i.e. /root/dir/)
for filename in glob.iglob(root_dir + '**/*.txt', recursive=True):
print(filename)
正如在文档中提到的那样,
如果设置了递归为真,模式'**'会匹配任何文件以及零个或多个目录和子目录。
如果你想要获取所有文件,可以使用
import glob
for filename in glob.iglob(root_dir + '**/**', recursive=True):
print(filename)
467
确保你理解 os.walk
的三个返回值:
for root, subdirs, files in os.walk(rootdir):
它们的意思如下:
root
:当前正在“遍历”的路径subdirs
:在root
目录下的子目录files
:在root
目录下的文件(不包括在subdirs
中的文件),这些文件不是目录
另外,请使用 os.path.join
来连接路径,而不是用斜杠!你的问题在于 filePath = rootdir + '/' + file
- 你应该连接当前“遍历”的文件夹,而不是最上层的文件夹。所以应该是 filePath = os.path.join(root, file)
。顺便提一下,“file”是一个内置名称,所以通常不建议用它作为变量名。
还有一个问题是你的循环,应该像这样写,例如:
import os
import sys
walk_dir = sys.argv[1]
print('walk_dir = ' + walk_dir)
# If your current working directory may change during script execution, it's recommended to
# immediately convert program arguments to an absolute path. Then the variable root below will
# be an absolute path as well. Example:
# walk_dir = os.path.abspath(walk_dir)
print('walk_dir (absolute) = ' + os.path.abspath(walk_dir))
for root, subdirs, files in os.walk(walk_dir):
print('--\nroot = ' + root)
list_file_path = os.path.join(root, 'my-directory-list.txt')
print('list_file_path = ' + list_file_path)
with open(list_file_path, 'wb') as list_file:
for subdir in subdirs:
print('\t- subdirectory ' + subdir)
for filename in files:
file_path = os.path.join(root, filename)
print('\t- file %s (full path: %s)' % (filename, file_path))
with open(file_path, 'rb') as f:
f_content = f.read()
list_file.write(('The file %s contains:\n' % filename).encode('utf-8'))
list_file.write(f_content)
list_file.write(b'\n')
如果你不知道,with
语句用于文件操作是一种简写方式:
with open('filename', 'rb') as f:
dosomething()
# is effectively the same as
f = open('filename', 'rb')
try:
dosomething()
finally:
f.close()