优雅处理"MySQL已断开连接"问题

17 投票
1 回答
8564 浏览
提问于 2025-04-15 17:31

我正在用Python写一个小型的数据库适配器,主要是为了好玩。我想让代码在MySQL连接“消失”的情况下优雅地恢复,也就是当wait_timeout超时的时候。我把wait_timeout设置为10秒,这样我就可以尝试这个情况。

这是我的代码:

def select(self, query, params=[]):
        try:
            self.cursor = self.cxn.cursor()
            self.cursor.execute(query, params)
        except MySQLdb.OperationalError, e:
            if e[0] == 2006:
                print "We caught the exception properly!"
                print self.cxn
                self.cxn.close()
                self.cxn = self.db._get_cxn()
                self.cursor = self.cxn.cursor()
                self.cursor.execute(query, params)
                print self.cxn

        return self.cursor.fetchall()

接下来,我等了十秒钟,然后尝试发起一个请求。这就是CherryPy的样子:

[31/Dec/2009:20:47:29] ENGINE Bus STARTING
[31/Dec/2009:20:47:29] ENGINE Starting database pool...
[31/Dec/2009:20:47:29] ENGINE POOL Connecting to MySQL...
[31/Dec/2009:20:47:29] ENGINE POOL Connecting to MySQL...
[31/Dec/2009:20:47:29] ENGINE POOL Connecting to MySQL...
[31/Dec/2009:20:47:29] ENGINE POOL Connecting to MySQL...
[31/Dec/2009:20:47:29] ENGINE POOL Connecting to MySQL...
[31/Dec/2009:20:47:29] ENGINE Started monitor thread '_TimeoutMonitor'.
[31/Dec/2009:20:47:29] ENGINE Started monitor thread 'Autoreloader'.
[31/Dec/2009:20:47:30] ENGINE Serving on 0.0.0.0:8888
[31/Dec/2009:20:47:30] ENGINE Bus STARTED
We caught the exception properly!   <====================================== Aaarg!
<_mysql.connection open to 'localhost' at 1ee22b0>
[31/Dec/2009:20:48:25] HTTP Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/usr/local/lib/python2.6/dist-packages/CherryPy-3.1.2-py2.6.egg/cherrypy/_cprequest.py", line 606, in respond
cherrypy.response.body = self.handler()
  File "/usr/local/lib/python2.6/dist-packages/CherryPy-3.1.2-py2.6.egg/cherrypy/_cpdispatch.py", line 25, in __call__
    return self.callable(*self.args, **self.kwargs)
  File "adp.py", line 69, in reports
    page.sources = sql.GetSources()
  File "/home/swoods/dev/adp/sql.py", line 45, in __call__
    return getattr(self.formatter.cxn, parsefn)(sql, sql_vars)
  File "/home/swoods/dev/adp/database.py", line 96, in select
    self.cursor.execute(query, params)
  File "/usr/lib/pymodules/python2.6/MySQLdb/cursors.py", line 166, in execute
    self.errorhandler(self, exc, value)
  File "/usr/lib/pymodules/python2.6/MySQLdb/connections.py", line 35, in defaulterrorhandler
    raise errorclass, errorvalue
OperationalError: (2006, 'MySQL server has gone away')

[31/Dec/2009:20:48:25] HTTP 
Request Headers:
  COOKIE: session_id=e14f63acc306b26f14d966e606612642af2dd423
  HOST: localhost:8888
  CACHE-CONTROL: max-age=0
  ACCEPT: application/xml,application/xhtml+xml,text/html;q=0.9,text/plain;q=0.8,image/png,*/*;q=0.5
  ACCEPT-CHARSET: ISO-8859-1,utf-8;q=0.7,*;q=0.3
  USER-AGENT: Mozilla/5.0 (X11; U; Linux x86_64; en-US) AppleWebKit/532.5 (KHTML, like     Gecko) Chrome/4.0.249.43 Safari/532.5
  CONNECTION: keep-alive
  Remote-Addr: 127.0.0.1
  ACCEPT-LANGUAGE: en-US,en;q=0.8
  ACCEPT-ENCODING: gzip,deflate
127.0.0.1 - - [31/Dec/2009:20:48:25] "GET /reports/1 HTTP/1.1" 500 1770 "" "Mozilla/5.0 (X11; U; Linux x86_64; en-US) AppleWebKit/532.5 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/4.0.249.43 Safari/532.5"

为什么这不管用呢??我明明捕获了异常,重新生成了连接和游标,但还是不行。这和MySQLdb获取连接的方式有关吗?

1 个回答

12

从代码上看不出来,但我猜 db._get_cxn() 这个方法可能在做连接池的工作,它会返回一个已经存在的连接对象,而不是每次都新建一个连接。你有没有办法在 db 上调用一个方法来清除掉那些没用的连接呢?(而且你真的应该调用以 _ 开头的内部方法吗?)

为了避免出现 MySQL has gone away 的错误,我通常会在连接时记录一个时间戳,标记上次使用连接的时间。然后在再次尝试使用连接之前,我会查看这个时间戳,如果上次使用的时间超过了几个小时,就关闭或丢弃这个连接。这样就不需要在每个可能的查询中都用 try...except OperationalError...try again 来处理了。

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