如何使用SMTP发送附件？
我想用Python的 smtplib 写一个发送邮件的程序。我查阅了相关文档和RFC（互联网标准文档），但没有找到关于附件的内容。所以我觉得我可能漏掉了什么更高级的概念。有人能告诉我在SMTP中附件是怎么回事吗？
6 个回答
21
这里有一个我从我们做的一个工作应用中截取的例子。它的作用是创建一个带有Excel附件的HTML邮件。
import smtplib,email,email.encoders,email.mime.text,email.mime.base
smtpserver = 'localhost'
to = ['email@somewhere.com']
fromAddr = 'automated@hi.com'
subject = "my subject"
# create html email
html = '<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" '
html +='"http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"><html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">'
html +='<body style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana"><p>...</p>'
html += "</body></html>"
emailMsg = email.MIMEMultipart.MIMEMultipart('alternative')
emailMsg['Subject'] = subject
emailMsg['From'] = fromAddr
emailMsg['To'] = ', '.join(to)
emailMsg['Cc'] = ", ".join(cc)
emailMsg.attach(email.mime.text.MIMEText(html,'html'))
# now attach the file
fileMsg = email.mime.base.MIMEBase('application','vnd.ms-excel')
fileMsg.set_payload(file('exelFile.xls').read())
email.encoders.encode_base64(fileMsg)
fileMsg.add_header('Content-Disposition','attachment;filename=anExcelFile.xls')
emailMsg.attach(fileMsg)
# send email
server = smtplib.SMTP(smtpserver)
server.sendmail(fromAddr,to,emailMsg.as_string())
server.quit()
35
这里有一个例子，展示了如何发送一条带有PDF附件的消息，消息中还有一段文字内容，并且是通过Gmail发送的。
# Import smtplib for the actual sending function
import smtplib
# For guessing MIME type
import mimetypes
# Import the email modules we'll need
import email
import email.mime.application
# Create a text/plain message
msg = email.mime.Multipart.MIMEMultipart()
msg['Subject'] = 'Greetings'
msg['From'] = 'xyz@gmail.com'
msg['To'] = 'abc@gmail.com'
# The main body is just another attachment
body = email.mime.Text.MIMEText("""Hello, how are you? I am fine.
This is a rather nice letter, don't you think?""")
msg.attach(body)
# PDF attachment
filename='simple-table.pdf'
fp=open(filename,'rb')
att = email.mime.application.MIMEApplication(fp.read(),_subtype="pdf")
fp.close()
att.add_header('Content-Disposition','attachment',filename=filename)
msg.attach(att)
# send via Gmail server
# NOTE: my ISP, Centurylink, seems to be automatically rewriting
# port 25 packets to be port 587 and it is trashing port 587 packets.
# So, I use the default port 25, but I authenticate.
s = smtplib.SMTP('smtp.gmail.com')
s.starttls()
s.login('xyz@gmail.com','xyzpassword')
s.sendmail('xyz@gmail.com',['xyz@gmail.com'], msg.as_string())
s.quit()
14
你需要关注的是 email 模块。它可以帮助你创建符合 MIME 标准的邮件内容，然后你可以通过 smtplib 来发送这些邮件。