在Windows上为Python 3.1发送按键

Question

最新的Python Sendkeys模块是针对Python 2.6的。我自己无法升级，因为它需要重新编译C模块。

有没有人知道简单的方法可以把按键发送到一个窗口呢？

我可以用win32ui.FindWindow()找到正确的窗口，然后用PyCWnd.SetActiveWindow()让这个窗口变为活动窗口，所以我只需要一个简单的方法来把按键发送到这个活动窗口。

这样做的目的是为了执行一个菜单项。

这个应用程序是用Delphi写的，我知道它没有任何进程间的接口。

Answer 1

我找到了一种可行的方法，使用了win32api.keybd_event。

看起来SendInput会更安全，但pywin32里没有这个功能。

[ 编辑：在下面的接受答案中可以看到SendInput的版本。我把这条信息留在这里，以防有人更喜欢使用sendkeys。jh ]

这个页面对我有帮助：http://social.msdn.microsoft.com/Search/en-us/?Query=keybd_event

可以用的代码：

import win32api; import win32ui

PyCWnd1 = win32ui.FindWindow( None, "an_app" )
PyCWnd1.SetForegroundWindow()
PyCWnd1.SetFocus()

win32api.keybd_event(0x12, 0, ) # Alt
win32api.keybd_event(0x12, 0, 2 ) # Alt release
win32api.keybd_event(0x46, 0, ) # F
win32api.keybd_event(0x52, 0, ) # R

这段代码在应用程序中执行了“文件 > 重新加载”。如果应用程序被最小化，这个方法就不管用了。

在运行这段代码后，如果不松开Alt键，键盘的反应就像我一直按着Alt键一样！似乎不需要松开其他的按键。

Answer 2

我之前用ctypes重写了sendkeys的C部分... https://bitbucket.org/markm/sendkeysctypes，我发现其他人也做了类似的事情： http://code.google.com/p/sendkeys-ctypes/

如果我没记错的话，这个应该可以直接替代sendkeys（只需要改一下导入的那一行）

Answer 3

这里有一个可以用的模块，它调用了user32.SendInput()。

虽然不是完美的，但可以用。

补充说明：

昨天我做了一个带类的版本，现在在一个运行中的tkinter应用里使用。等我有时间整理一下，就把它放在这里。

在下面的文档字符串中添加了这些内容：

[ 如果我在我的个人文件夹内工作是没问题的。
在另一个分区工作时出现了这些问题。
文件权限是可以的，所以不知道是什么阻止了SendInput。 ]

SciTE仍然需要完整准确的窗口标题。

#!/usr/bin/python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

''' send_input for python 3, from jh45dev@gmail.com

code from Daniel F is adapted here. The original is at:
http://mail.python.org/pipermail/python-win32/2005-April/003131.html


SendInput sends to the window that has the keyboard focus.
That window must not be minimized.


There seem to be some strange limitations with user32.SendInput()
Here is what happened in my testing (on Vista sp2).

 [edit: It is OK if I work from a folder within my profile.    
 These problems happened when working on another partition.    
 File permissions were OK, so do not know what blocked SendInput.]

1
I opened Notepad from the Start menu,
then in Notepad opened test.txt,
and all worked fine.

2
I opened Notepad by opening test.txt in Explorer.
find_window() found Notepad, but user32.SendInput() had no effect.
If Notepad was minimized, it did not get restored or focussed.

The same happened with SciTE and Notepad2.


Another strangeness:
For SciTE I had to put in the whole window title, eg "test.txt - SciTE",
but for Notepad and Notepad2, only the app name, eg "Notepad".


'''

import ctypes as ct
from win32con import SW_MINIMIZE, SW_RESTORE
from win32ui import FindWindow, error as ui_err
from time import sleep


class cls_KeyBdInput(ct.Structure):
    _fields_ = [
        ("wVk", ct.c_ushort),
        ("wScan", ct.c_ushort),
        ("dwFlags", ct.c_ulong),
        ("time", ct.c_ulong),
        ("dwExtraInfo", ct.POINTER(ct.c_ulong) )
    ]

class cls_HardwareInput(ct.Structure):
    _fields_ = [
        ("uMsg", ct.c_ulong),
        ("wParamL", ct.c_short),
        ("wParamH", ct.c_ushort)
    ]

class cls_MouseInput(ct.Structure):
    _fields_ = [
        ("dx", ct.c_long),
        ("dy", ct.c_long),
        ("mouseData", ct.c_ulong),
        ("dwFlags", ct.c_ulong),
        ("time", ct.c_ulong),
        ("dwExtraInfo", ct.POINTER(ct.c_ulong) )
    ]

class cls_Input_I(ct.Union):
    _fields_ = [
        ("ki", cls_KeyBdInput),
        ("mi", cls_MouseInput),
        ("hi", cls_HardwareInput)
    ]

class cls_Input(ct.Structure):
    _fields_ = [
        ("type", ct.c_ulong),
        ("ii", cls_Input_I)
    ]


def find_window( s_app_name ):

    try:
        window1 = FindWindow(  None, s_app_name,)
        return window1
    except ui_err:
        pass
    except:
        raise

    try:
        window1 = FindWindow( s_app_name, None, )
        return window1
    except ui_err:
        return None
    except:
        raise


def make_input_objects( l_keys ):

    p_ExtraInfo_0 = ct.pointer(ct.c_ulong(0))

    l_inputs = [ ]
    for n_key, n_updown in l_keys:
        ki = cls_KeyBdInput( n_key, 0, n_updown, 0, p_ExtraInfo_0 )
        ii = cls_Input_I()
        ii.ki = ki
        l_inputs.append( ii )

    n_inputs = len(l_inputs)

    l_inputs_2=[]
    for ndx in range( 0, n_inputs ):
        s2 = "(1, l_inputs[%s])" % ndx
        l_inputs_2.append(s2)
    s_inputs = ', '.join(l_inputs_2)


    cls_input_array = cls_Input * n_inputs
    o_input_array = eval( "cls_input_array( %s )" % s_inputs )

    p_input_array = ct.pointer( o_input_array )
    n_size_0 = ct.sizeof( o_input_array[0] )

    # these are the args for user32.SendInput()
    return ( n_inputs, p_input_array, n_size_0 )

    '''It is interesting that o_input_array has gone out of scope
    by the time p_input_array is used, but it works.'''


def send_input( window1, t_inputs, b_minimize=True ):

    tpl1 = window1.GetWindowPlacement()
    was_min = False
    if tpl1[1] == 2:
        was_min = True
        window1.ShowWindow(SW_RESTORE)
        sleep(0.2)

    window1.SetForegroundWindow()
    sleep(0.2)
    window1.SetFocus()
    sleep(0.2)
    rv = ct.windll.user32.SendInput( *t_inputs )

    if was_min and b_minimize:
        sleep(0.3) # if the last input was Save, it may need time to take effect
        window1.ShowWindow(SW_MINIMIZE)

    return rv



# define some commonly-used key sequences
t_ctrl_s = (  # save in many apps
    ( 0x11, 0 ),
    ( 0x53, 0 ),
    ( 0x11, 2 ),
)
t_ctrl_r = (  # reload in some apps
    ( 0x11, 0 ),
    ( 0x52, 0 ),
    ( 0x11, 2 ),
)


def test():

    # file > open; a non-invasive way to test
    t_ctrl_o = ( ( 0x11, 0 ), ( 0x4F, 0 ), ( 0x11, 2 ), )

    # writes "Hello\n"
    # 0x10 is shift.  note that to repeat a key, as with 4C here, you have to release it after the first press
    t_hello = ( ( 0x10, 0 ), ( 0x48, 0 ), ( 0x10, 2 ), ( 0x45, 0 ), ( 0x4C, 0 ), ( 0x4C, 2 ), ( 0x4C, 0 ), ( 0x4F, 0 ), ( 0x0D, 0 ), )


    l_keys = [ ]
    ## l_keys.extend( t_ctrl_o )
    l_keys.extend( t_hello )
    l_keys.extend( t_ctrl_s )

    ## s_app_name = "SciTE"
    ## s_app_name = "(Untitled) - SciTE"
    s_app_name = "test.txt - SciTE"
    ## s_app_name = "Notepad2"
    ## s_app_name = "Notepad"

    window1 = find_window( s_app_name )
    if window1 == None:
        print( "%r has no window." % s_app_name )
        input( 'press enter to close' )
        exit()

    t_inputs = make_input_objects( l_keys )

    n = send_input( window1, t_inputs )

    ## print( "SendInput returned: %r" % n )
    ## print( "GetLastError: %r" % ct.windll.kernel32.GetLastError() )
    ## input( 'press enter to close' )



if __name__ == '__main__':
    test()