在Python中,如何将不同字典中相同键的所有值垂直打印?
假设我想输出三行内容,每一行对应一个不同的表格。每一列的内容是与键对应的值。
这样打印出来的结果会是竖着的:
for i in list_of_keys:
print dict1[i], dict2[i], dict3[i]
有没有什么简单的方法可以让字典的值一个接一个地叠在一起,而不是竖着排列呢?
一种方法是这样写:
for i in list_of_keys:
print dict1[i],
for i in list_of_keys:
print dict2[i],
但这里的问题是,如果字典里的值比一行能放下的还多,就会出现多行的情况,直到这个字典的值用完,然后下面又会出现多行。这样就不能把字典的值和键对齐,导致列的排列不整齐。
1 个回答
0
假设你在用Python 2,我写了一个叫做 pprint_multiline
的函数,你可以根据自己的需要进行各种自定义。
你可以自定义以下内容:
- 每行的长度
- 项目之间的分隔符
- 行与行之间的分隔符(如果想要两块行之间留空行,可以用空字符串;如果不想要任何分隔符,可以用
None
) - 每个项目的对齐方式
- 对齐时使用的字符。
这个函数接受一个列表的列表,目的是将它们横向打印出来。所以在调用这个函数之前,你需要把字典里的内容拆开,就像我下面给的例子那样。
这个函数适用于字典中的任何值,只要这些值实现了 __str__
函数(大多数Python对象都有这个功能)。
函数的代码如下:
def pprint_multilines(linelen=80, separator=' ', line_separator=None,
align='left', align_char=' ', lists=[]):
maxlen = max(len(lst) for lst in lists)
printed_lines = ['']*len(lists)
empty = True
printed = False
for i in xrange(maxlen):
max_item_len = max(len(str(lst[i])) for lst in lists)
if max_item_len + len(printed_lines[0]) + 1 > linelen:
if printed and line_separator is not None:
if len(line_separator) > 0:
print line_separator*(linelen/len(line_separator))
else:
print
for printed_line in printed_lines:
print printed_line
printed = True
printed_lines = ['']*len(lists)
empty = True
for lst_idx, lst in enumerate(lists):
if not empty:
printed_lines[lst_idx] += separator
if align == 'left':
printed_lines[lst_idx] += str(lst[i]).ljust(max_item_len, align_char)
else: # align == 'right'
printed_lines[lst_idx] += str(lst[i]).rjust(max_item_len, align_char)
else:
empty = False
if not empty:
if printed and line_separator is not None:
if len(line_separator) > 0:
print line_separator*(linelen/len(line_separator))
else:
print
for printed_line in printed_lines:
print printed_line
想看看它是怎么工作的,你可以参考以下例子:
dict1 = {'a': 'first', 'b': 'second', 'c': 3, 'd': ['the', 'fourth']}
dict2 = {'a': 1, 'b':2, 'c':3, 'd':4}
dict3 = {'a': '1', 'b':'two', 'c':'three', 'd': 'fourth'}
list_of_keys = ['a','b','c','d']
pprint_multilines(linelen=15, separator=' ', align='left', align_char=' ',
line_separator='-',
lists=[[dict1[key] for key in list_of_keys],
[dict2[key] for key in list_of_keys],
[dict3[key] for key in list_of_keys]])
print
pprint_multilines(linelen=15, separator=' ', align='left', align_char=' ',
lists=[[dict1[key] for key in list_of_keys],
[dict2[key] for key in list_of_keys],
[dict3[key] for key in list_of_keys]])
print
pprint_multilines(linelen=25, separator=' ', align='left', align_char=' ',
line_separator='',
lists=[[dict1[key] for key in list_of_keys],
[dict2[key] for key in list_of_keys],
[dict3[key] for key in list_of_keys]])
print
pprint_multilines(linelen=45, separator=' ', align='left', align_char='_',
lists=[[dict1[key] for key in list_of_keys],
[dict2[key] for key in list_of_keys],
[dict3[key] for key in list_of_keys]])
print
pprint_multilines(linelen=45, separator=' ', align='right', align_char=' ',
lists=[[dict1[key] for key in list_of_keys],
[dict2[key] for key in list_of_keys],
[dict3[key] for key in list_of_keys]])
这些例子会输出(附带一些注释):
first second 1 2 1 two --------------- <-- This is the line separator 3 <-- This next item fits in 15 chars, but 3 if appended to the previous line three this item won't fit, so break the third item to new lines --------------- <-- Note that this spans the specified line length ['the', 'fourth'] 4 fourth first second 1 2 1 two 3 <-- No line separator! 3 three ['the', 'fourth'] 4 fourth first second 3 <-- linelen=25, the third item now fits! 1 2 3 1 two three <-- A blank line separator ['the', 'fourth'] 4 fourth first second 3____ ['the', 'fourth'] <-- Showing alignment chars 1____ 2_____ 3____ 4________________ <-- linelen=45, everything fits! 1____ two___ three fourth___________ first second 3 ['the', 'fourth'] <-- These blocks are right-aligned 1 2 3 4 1 two three fourth