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Cython/Numpy - cimport numpy as np 失败

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1 回答
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提问于 2025-04-20 15:49

我正在尝试用cython来编写我代码中一个关键的部分，但在导入numpy时遇到了问题：

这是我的Setup.py文件：

    from distutils.core import setup
    from distutils.extension import Extension
    from Cython.Distutils import build_ext
    import numpy as np

    e_m1 = Extension('OrderC', ['OrderC.pyx'])
    ext_mods = [e_m1]
    setup(name = 'OrderC/ListOrderC',  cmdclass = {'build_ext': build_ext}, 
          include_dirs = [np.get_include()], ext_modules = ext_mods)

这是OrderC.pyx文件：

    import numpy as np
    #cimport numpy as np  ## CRITICAL LINE (RUN WITHOUT IT)

    cdef class OrderC:
        cdef double _px

    def __init__(self, double px):
        self._px = px

    def printPx(self):
        print self._px

这是主程序：

    import pyximport; 
    pyximport.install()

    from OrderC import OrderC
    oo = OrderC(9.95)
    oo.printPx()

当我把那行关键代码注释掉时，编译会打印一些警告，但程序可以运行，这里是那些警告：

    C:\Users\user\.pyxbld\temp.win32-2.7\Release\pyrex\OrderC.c: In function '__Pyx_RaiseArgtupleInvalid':
    C:\Users\user\.pyxbld\temp.win32-2.7\Release\pyrex\OrderC.c:1264:18: warning: unknown conversion type character 'z' in format [-Wformat=]
              (num_expected == 1) ? "" : "s", num_found);
              ^
    C:\Users\user\.pyxbld\temp.win32-2.7\Release\pyrex\OrderC.c:1264:18: warning: format '%s' expects argument of type 'char *', but argument 5 has type 'Py_ssize_t' [-Wformat=]
    C:\Users\user\.pyxbld\temp.win32-2.7\Release\pyrex\OrderC.c:1264:18: warning: unknown conversion type character 'z' in format [-Wformat=]
    C:\Users\user\.pyxbld\temp.win32-2.7\Release\pyrex\OrderC.c:1264:18: warning: too many arguments for format [-Wformat-extra-args]

但是，当我把那行关键代码取消注释时，程序根本无法运行：

构建setup文件时出现了：

    running build_ext
    cythoning OrderC.pyx to OrderC.c
    building 'OrderC' extension
    C:\MinGW\bin\gcc.exe -mdll -O -Wall -IC:\Python27_x86\lib\site-packages\numpy\core\include -IC:\Python27_x86\include -IC:\Python27_x86\PC -c OrderC.c -o build\temp.win32-2.7\Release\orderc.o
    In file included from C:\Python27_x86\lib\site-packages\numpy\core\include/numpy/ndarraytypes.h:1804:0,
             from C:\Python27_x86\lib\site-packages\numpy\core\include/numpy/ndarrayobject.h:17,
             from C:\Python27_x86\lib\site-packages\numpy\core\include/numpy/arrayobject.h:4,
             from OrderC.c:352:
    C:\Python27_x86\lib\site-packages\numpy\core\include/numpy/npy_1_7_deprecated_api.h:12:9: note: #pragma message: C:\Python27_x86\lib\site-packages\numpy\core\include/numpy/npy_1_7_deprecated_api.h(12) : Warning Msg: Using deprecated NumPy API, disable it by #defining NPY_NO_DEPRECATED_API NPY_1_7_API_VERSION
     #pragma message(_WARN___LOC__"Using deprecated NumPy API, disable it by " \
     ^
    OrderC.c: In function '__Pyx_RaiseArgtupleInvalid':
    OrderC.c:3828:18: warning: unknown conversion type character 'z' in format [-Wformat=]
              (num_expected == 1) ? "" : "s", num_found);
              ^
    OrderC.c:3828:18: warning: format '%s' expects argument of type 'char *', but argument 5 has type 'Py_ssize_t' [-Wformat=]
    OrderC.c:3828:18: warning: unknown conversion type character 'z' in format [-Wformat=]
    OrderC.c:3828:18: warning: too many arguments for format [-Wformat-extra-args]
    OrderC.c: In function '__Pyx_RaiseTooManyValuesError':
    OrderC.c:4065:18: warning: unknown conversion type character 'z' in format [-Wformat=]
              "too many values to unpack (expected %" CYTHON_FORMAT_SSIZE_T "d)", expected);
              ^
    OrderC.c:4065:18: warning: too many arguments for format [-Wformat-extra-args]
    OrderC.c: In function '__Pyx_RaiseNeedMoreValuesError':
    OrderC.c:4071:18: warning: unknown conversion type character 'z' in format [-Wformat=]
              index, (index == 1) ? "" : "s");
              ^
    OrderC.c:4071:18: warning: format '%s' expects argument of type 'char *', but argument 3 has type 'Py_ssize_t' [-Wformat=]
    OrderC.c:4071:18: warning: too many arguments for format [-Wformat-extra-args]
    In file included from C:\Python27_x86\lib\site-packages\numpy\core\include/numpy/ndarrayobject.h:26:0,
             from C:\Python27_x86\lib\site-packages\numpy\core\include/numpy/arrayobject.h:4,
             from OrderC.c:352:
    OrderC.c: At top level:
    C:\Python27_x86\lib\site-packages\numpy\core\include/numpy/__multiarray_api.h:1629:1: warning: '_import_array' defined but not used [-Wunused-function]
     _import_array(void)
     ^
    In file included from C:\Python27_x86\lib\site-packages\numpy\core\include/numpy/ufuncobject.h:317:0,
             from OrderC.c:353:
    C:\Python27_x86\lib\site-packages\numpy\core\include/numpy/__ufunc_api.h:241:1:         warning: '_import_umath' defined but not used [-Wunused-function]
     _import_umath(void)
     ^
    writing build\temp.win32-2.7\Release\OrderC.def
    C:\MinGW\bin\gcc.exe -shared -s build\temp.win32-2.7\Release\orderc.o build\temp.win32-2.7\Release\OrderC.def -LC:\Python27_x86\libs -LC:\Python27_x86\PCbuild -lpython27 -lmsvcr90 -o C:\Users\user\Desktop\Workspace\TestC\OrderC.pyd

所以没有严重的错误，但有很多（奇怪的）警告。

执行时：

当我运行主程序时，出现了：

    C:\Users\mmahfouda\.pyxbld\temp.win32-2.7\Release\pyrex\OrderC.c:352:31: fatal error: numpy/arrayobject.h: No such file or directory
     #include "numpy/arrayobject.h"
                           ^
    compilation terminated.
    Traceback (most recent call last):
      File "C:\Users\mmahfouda\Desktop\Workspace\TestC\MainTestC.py", line 4, in <module>
from OrderC import OrderC
      File "C:\Python27_x86\lib\site-packages\pyximport\pyximport.py", line 431, in load_module
language_level=self.language_level)
      File "C:\Python27_x86\lib\site-packages\pyximport\pyximport.py", line 209, in load_module
inplace=build_inplace, language_level=language_level)
      File "C:\Python27_x86\lib\site-packages\pyximport\pyximport.py", line 186, in build_module
reload_support=pyxargs.reload_support)
      File "C:\Python27_x86\lib\site-packages\pyximport\pyxbuild.py", line 104, in pyx_to_dll
dist.run_commands()
      File "C:\Python27_x86\lib\distutils\dist.py", line 953, in run_commands
self.run_command(cmd)
      File "C:\Python27_x86\lib\distutils\dist.py", line 972, in run_command
cmd_obj.run()
      File "C:\Python27_x86\lib\site-packages\Cython\Distutils\build_ext.py", line 163, in run
_build_ext.build_ext.run(self)
      File "C:\Python27_x86\lib\distutils\command\build_ext.py", line 337, in run
self.build_extensions()
      File "C:\Python27_x86\lib\site-packages\Cython\Distutils\build_ext.py", line 171, in build_extensions
self.build_extension(ext)
      File "C:\Python27_x86\lib\distutils\command\build_ext.py", line 496, in build_extension
depends=ext.depends)
      File "C:\Python27_x86\lib\distutils\ccompiler.py", line 574, in compile
self._compile(obj, src, ext, cc_args, extra_postargs, pp_opts)
      File "C:\Python27_x86\lib\distutils\cygwinccompiler.py", line 166, in _compile
raise CompileError, msg
    ImportError: Building module OrderC failed: ["CompileError: command 'C:\\\\MinGW\\\\bin\\\\gcc.exe' failed with exit status 1\n"]

顺便说一下，我的环境是： * Windows 7 * Pydev * Python 2.7（32位）

你们有没有遇到同样的错误，或者知道为什么这个简单的程序不工作呢？

谢谢。

相关问题：

编译错误 numpy setup.py pydev 环境配置 警告信息 cython windows 7

1 个回答

2

我分享一下ever建议的解决方案，这个方法对我有效：

正如他说的，问题出在使用pyximport编译时，如果你用到了额外的C库，比如numpy，就会出现这个问题。

我对主文件做了如下修改：

from OrderC import OrderC
oo = OrderC(9.95)
oo.printPx()

然后，

  1. 用Cython编译：

    C:\Python27_x86\Scripts\cython.exe OrderC.pyx

  2. 用gcc编译C文件（包括额外的库）：

    C:\MinGW\bin\gcc.exe -mdll -O -Wall -IC:\Python27_x86\lib\site-packages\numpy\core\include -IC:\Python27_x86\include -IC:\Python27_x86\PC -c OrderC.c -o OrderC.o

  3. 再次用gcc编译C文件（包括额外的库）：

    C:\MinGW\bin\gcc.exe -shared -s OrderC.o -LC:\Python27_x86\libs -LC:\Python27_x86\PCbuild -lpython27 -lmsvcr90 -o C:\Users\user\Desktop\Workspace\TestC\OrderC.pyd

这样就可以正常工作了。

注意：

  • 第二步会产生一些警告，但还是能正常工作。

  • 确保把OrderC的路径添加到你的PATH环境变量中。

回答于 2025-04-20 由 Python大师
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