在reStructuredText和Sphinx中进行替换的Math Latex宏
使用Sphinx和reStructuredText,能否定义数学宏来在数学的LaTeX公式中进行替换呢?
简单来说,我想要的效果是这样的:
.. |bnabla| replace:: :math:`\boldsymbol{\nabla}`
.. |vv| replace:: :math:`\textbf{v}`
.. math:: \rho \mbox{D}_t |vv| = - |bnabla| p + \rho \textbf{g} + \eta |bnabla|^2 |vv|,
where |vv| is the velocity and |bnabla| is the nabla operator.
Then follow many other equations with |vv| and |bnabla|...
但是这个方法完全不行。首先,标志在数学模式下没有被替换,其次,即使它们被替换了,:math:
语句在.. math::
块中也不管用。要不要考虑在Sphinx中改变这两种行为,让它们更好用呢?
另外一个解决方案是使用LaTeX宏,像这个问题中提到的在Sphinx中创建LaTeX数学宏,但我觉得用本地的rst替换,最终的代码会更容易阅读。这样我可以得到清晰的公式,同时也能在文本模式下阅读。
而且,我正在使用MathJax扩展,所以我不能使用变量pngmath_latex_preamble。我可以参考这个解决方案给MathJaxhttps://stackoverflow.com/a/19268549/1779806,但看起来有点复杂,再说一次,用“本地”的rst替换代码会更清晰。
编辑:
我意识到,直接在reStructuredText中实现一个mathmacro
替换指令,对很多人来说会非常方便和有用。这个新指令应该这样工作:
定义:
.. |bnabla| mathmacro:: \boldsymbol{\nabla}
.. |vv| mathmacro:: \textbf{v}
这些数学宏可以直接在文本中包含,比如:
|bnabla| is the nabla operator,
这应该会生成一个这样的行内公式:
:math:`\boldsymbol{\nabla}` is the nabla operator.
这些宏也可以包含在行内公式中:
This is an inline equation :math:`\vv = \bnabla f`,
这应该等同于:
:math:`\textbf{v} = \boldsymbol{\nabla}f`
它们也可以包含在块公式中:
.. math:: \vv = \bnabla f
这应该等同于:
.. math:: \textbf{v} = \boldsymbol{\nabla}f.
不过,我对docutils的内部工作原理并不太熟悉。我特别注意到,MathBlock指令(在docutils/parsers/rst/directives/body.py中定义)并没有对其输入进行任何解析,所以在数学模式下没有替换。
我不知道是否可以改变替换指令的行为,让替换能够聪明地适应调用的上下文,无论是在文本中、行内数学中还是块数学中。
有没有人能给我一些关于如何实现这个有用的新功能的线索呢?
1 个回答
因为我真的需要一个好的解决方案,所以我自己动手做了...这花了我一段时间,虽然这个解决方案可能不是完美的,但至少它运行得不错。我把这个结果分享出来,因为它可能对其他人有帮助。
我还把这个解决方案做成了一个Sphinx的扩展,可以在这里找到。
我需要定义一个新的替换指令,并重新定义math
指令和角色。所有这些都在一个名为mathmacro.py的文件中完成:
"""
'Proof of concept' for a new reStructuredText directive *mathmacro*.
Use for example with::
python mathmacro.py example.rst example.html
"""
import re
from docutils.parsers.rst.directives.misc import Replace
from docutils.parsers.rst.directives.body import MathBlock
from docutils.parsers.rst.roles import math_role
def multiple_replacer(replace_dict):
"""Return a function replacing doing multiple replacements.
The produced function replace `replace_dict.keys()` by
`replace_dict.values`, respectively.
"""
def replacement_function(match):
s = match.group(0)
end = s[-1]
if re.match(r'[\W_]', end):
return replace_dict[s[:-1]]+end
else:
return replace_dict[s]
pattern = re.compile("|".join([re.escape(k)+r'[\W_\Z]|'+re.escape(k)+r'\Z'
for k in replace_dict.keys()]),
re.M)
return lambda string: pattern.sub(replacement_function, string)
class MathMacro(Replace):
"""Directive defining a math macro."""
def run(self):
if not hasattr(self.state.document, 'math_macros'):
self.state.document.math_macros = {}
latex_key = '\\'+self.state.parent.rawsource.split('|')[1]
self.state.document.math_macros[latex_key] = ''.join(self.content)
self.state.document.math_macros_replace = \
multiple_replacer(self.state.document.math_macros)
self.content[0] = ':math:`'+self.content[0]
self.content[-1] = self.content[-1]+'`'
return super(MathMacro, self).run()
class NewMathBlock(MathBlock):
"""New math block directive parsing the latex code."""
def run(self):
try:
multiple_replace = self.state.document.math_macros_replace
except AttributeError:
pass
else:
if self.state.document.math_macros:
for i, c in enumerate(self.content):
self.content[i] = multiple_replace(c)
return super(NewMathBlock, self).run()
def new_math_role(role, rawtext, text, lineno, inliner,
options={}, content=[]):
"""New math role parsing the latex code."""
try:
multiple_replace = inliner.document.math_macros_replace
except AttributeError:
pass
else:
if inliner.document.math_macros:
rawtext = multiple_replace(rawtext)
return math_role(role, rawtext, text, lineno, inliner,
options=options, content=content)
if __name__ == '__main__':
from docutils.parsers.rst.directives import register_directive
from docutils.parsers.rst.roles import register_canonical_role
register_directive('mathmacro', MathMacro)
register_directive('math', NewMathBlock)
register_canonical_role('math', new_math_role)
from docutils.core import publish_cmdline, default_description
description = ('Generates (X)HTML documents '
'from standalone reStructuredText sources. '
+default_description)
publish_cmdline(writer_name='html', description=description)
文件example.rst的内容:
Here, I show how to use a new mathmacro substitution directive in
reStructuredText. I think even this small example demonstrates that it
is useful.
First some math without math macros. Let's take the example of the
incompressible Navier-Stokes equation:
.. math:: \mbox{D}_t \textbf{v} =
-\boldsymbol{\nabla} p + \nu \boldsymbol{\nabla} ^2 \textbf{v}.
where :math:`\mbox{D}_t` is the convective derivative,
:math:`\textbf{v}` the velocity, :math:`\boldsymbol{\nabla}` the
nabla operator, :math:`\nu` the viscosity and
:math:`\boldsymbol{\nabla}^2` the Laplacian operator.
.. |Dt| mathmacro:: \mbox{D}_t
.. |bnabla| mathmacro:: \boldsymbol{\nabla}
.. |vv| mathmacro:: \textbf{v}
Now, let's use some math macros and try to get the same result... The
Navier-Stokes equation can now be written like this:
.. math:: \Dt \vv = - \bnabla p + \nu \bnabla^2 \vv
where |Dt| is the convective derivative, |vv| the velocity, |bnabla|
the nabla operator, :math:`\nu` the viscosity and :math:`\bnabla^2`
the Laplacian operator.