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在CentOS 6.5上安装Matplotlib

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4 回答
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提问于 2025-04-19 12:06

我正在尝试在CentOS 6.5上安装matplotlib-1.4.0，使用的是Python 2.7.8。我试过用pip安装和从源代码安装。一开始我收到一个错误信息，提示我需要更新版本的Freetype2，所以我安装了版本2.5.3，放在了/usr/local/bin、/usr/local/include和/usr/local/lib目录下。而旧版本的Freetype2（2.3.11）则在/usr/bin、/usr/include/freetype2/freetype和/usr/lib目录里。

现在当我尝试安装matplotlib（运行python setup.py build）时，发现所有的包含路径都指向了错误的（旧的）Freetype2版本，我不知道怎么把这些路径改成指向新的Freetype2版本。下面是实际的错误信息，内容比较复杂。我在网上找不到太多关于这个错误的信息，但我看到错误的Freetype2路径，所以我猜这就是问题所在。有没有什么建议呢？

我在其他讨论中找到了一些建议，比如添加一个符号链接，将/usr/include/freetype指向/usr/local/include/freetype2，但这并没有解决问题。

building 'matplotlib.ft2font' extension
gcc -pthread -fno-strict-aliasing -O3 -m64 -mfpmath=sse -msse2 -mtune=generic -DNDEBUG -g -fwrapv -O3 -Wall -fPIC -DPY_ARRAY_UNIQUE_SYMBOL=MPL_matplotlib_ft2font_ARRAY_API -DPYCXX_ISO_CPP_LIB=1 -I/usr/local/python2/2.7.8/x86_64/gcc46/nonet/lib/python2.7/site-packages/numpy/core/include -I/usr/include/freetype2 -I/usr/local/include -I/usr/include -I. -Iextern -I/usr/local/python2/2.7.8/x86_64/gcc46/nonet/include/python2.7 -c src/ft2font.cpp -o build/temp.linux-x86_64-2.7/src/ft2font.o
In file included from /usr/local/python2/2.7.8/x86_64/gcc46/nonet/lib/python2.7/site-packages/numpy/core/include/numpy/ndarraytypes.h:1761:0,
                 from /usr/local/python2/2.7.8/x86_64/gcc46/nonet/lib/python2.7/site-packages/numpy/core/include/numpy/ndarrayobject.h:17,
                 from src/file_compat.h:7,
                 from src/ft2font.cpp:7:
/usr/local/python2/2.7.8/x86_64/gcc46/nonet/lib/python2.7/site-packages/numpy/core/include/numpy/npy_1_7_deprecated_api.h:15:2: warning: #warning "Using deprecated NumPy API, disable it by " "#defining NPY_NO_DEPRECATED_API NPY_1_7_API_VERSION" [-Wcpp]
In file included from src/ft2font.cpp:7:0:
src/file_compat.h:31:0: warning: "npy_fseek" redefined [enabled by default]
/usr/local/python2/2.7.8/x86_64/gcc46/nonet/lib/python2.7/site-packages/numpy/core/include/numpy/npy_common.h:86:0: note: this is the location of the previous definition
src/file_compat.h:32:0: warning: "npy_ftell" redefined [enabled by default]
/usr/local/python2/2.7.8/x86_64/gcc46/nonet/lib/python2.7/site-packages/numpy/core/include/numpy/npy_common.h:91:0: note: this is the location of the previous definition
src/ft2font.cpp: In member function ‘Py::Object FT2Image::py_write_bitmap(const Py::Tuple&)’:
src/ft2font.cpp:184:15: warning: unused variable ‘offset’ [-Wunused-variable]
gcc -pthread -fno-strict-aliasing -O3 -m64 -mfpmath=sse -msse2 -mtune=generic -DNDEBUG -g -fwrapv -O3 -Wall -fPIC -DPY_ARRAY_UNIQUE_SYMBOL=MPL_matplotlib_ft2font_ARRAY_API -DPYCXX_ISO_CPP_LIB=1 -I/usr/local/python2/2.7.8/x86_64/gcc46/nonet/lib/python2.7/site-packages/numpy/core/include -I/usr/include/freetype2 -I/usr/local/include -I/usr/include -I. -Iextern -I/usr/local/python2/2.7.8/x86_64/gcc46/nonet/include/python2.7 -c src/mplutils.cpp -o build/temp.linux-x86_64-2.7/src/mplutils.o
In file included from /usr/local/python2/2.7.8/x86_64/gcc46/nonet/include/python2.7/Python.h:8:0,
                 from src/mplutils.h:18,
                 from src/mplutils.cpp:6:
/usr/local/python2/2.7.8/x86_64/gcc46/nonet/include/python2.7/pyconfig.h:1182:0: warning: "_POSIX_C_SOURCE" redefined [enabled by default]
/usr/include/features.h:162:0: note: this is the location of the previous definition
/usr/local/python2/2.7.8/x86_64/gcc46/nonet/include/python2.7/pyconfig.h:1204:0: warning: "_XOPEN_SOURCE" redefined [enabled by default]
/usr/include/features.h:164:0: note: this is the location of the previous definition
gcc -pthread -fno-strict-aliasing -O3 -m64 -mfpmath=sse -msse2 -mtune=generic -DNDEBUG -g -fwrapv -O3 -Wall -fPIC -DPY_ARRAY_UNIQUE_SYMBOL=MPL_matplotlib_ft2font_ARRAY_API -DPYCXX_ISO_CPP_LIB=1 -I/usr/local/python2/2.7.8/x86_64/gcc46/nonet/lib/python2.7/site-packages/numpy/core/include -I/usr/include/freetype2 -I/usr/local/include -I/usr/include -I. -Iextern -I/usr/local/python2/2.7.8/x86_64/gcc46/nonet/include/python2.7 -c extern/CXX/cxxsupport.cxx -o build/temp.linux-x86_64-2.7/extern/CXX/cxxsupport.o
gcc -pthread -fno-strict-aliasing -O3 -m64 -mfpmath=sse -msse2 -mtune=generic -DNDEBUG -g -fwrapv -O3 -Wall -fPIC -DPY_ARRAY_UNIQUE_SYMBOL=MPL_matplotlib_ft2font_ARRAY_API -DPYCXX_ISO_CPP_LIB=1 -I/usr/local/python2/2.7.8/x86_64/gcc46/nonet/lib/python2.7/site-packages/numpy/core/include -I/usr/include/freetype2 -I/usr/local/include -I/usr/include -I. -Iextern -I/usr/local/python2/2.7.8/x86_64/gcc46/nonet/include/python2.7 -c extern/CXX/cxx_extensions.cxx -o build/temp.linux-x86_64-2.7/extern/CXX/cxx_extensions.o
gcc -pthread -fno-strict-aliasing -O3 -m64 -mfpmath=sse -msse2 -mtune=generic -DNDEBUG -g -fwrapv -O3 -Wall -fPIC -DPY_ARRAY_UNIQUE_SYMBOL=MPL_matplotlib_ft2font_ARRAY_API -DPYCXX_ISO_CPP_LIB=1 -I/usr/local/python2/2.7.8/x86_64/gcc46/nonet/lib/python2.7/site-packages/numpy/core/include -I/usr/include/freetype2 -I/usr/local/include -I/usr/include -I. -Iextern -I/usr/local/python2/2.7.8/x86_64/gcc46/nonet/include/python2.7 -c extern/CXX/IndirectPythonInterface.cxx -o build/temp.linux-x86_64-2.7/extern/CXX/IndirectPythonInterface.o
gcc -pthread -fno-strict-aliasing -O3 -m64 -mfpmath=sse -msse2 -mtune=generic -DNDEBUG -g -fwrapv -O3 -Wall -fPIC -DPY_ARRAY_UNIQUE_SYMBOL=MPL_matplotlib_ft2font_ARRAY_API -DPYCXX_ISO_CPP_LIB=1 -I/usr/local/python2/2.7.8/x86_64/gcc46/nonet/lib/python2.7/site-packages/numpy/core/include -I/usr/include/freetype2 -I/usr/local/include -I/usr/include -I. -Iextern -I/usr/local/python2/2.7.8/x86_64/gcc46/nonet/include/python2.7 -c extern/CXX/cxxextensions.c -o build/temp.linux-x86_64-2.7/extern/CXX/cxxextensions.o
g++ -pthread -shared build/temp.linux-x86_64-2.7/src/ft2font.o build/temp.linux-x86_64-2.7/src/mplutils.o build/temp.linux-x86_64-2.7/extern/CXX/cxxsupport.o build/temp.linux-x86_64-2.7/extern/CXX/cxx_extensions.o build/temp.linux-x86_64-2.7/extern/CXX/IndirectPythonInterface.o build/temp.linux-x86_64-2.7/extern/CXX/cxxextensions.o -L/usr/local/lib -L/usr/local/lib64 -L/usr/lib -L/usr/lib64 -L/usr/local/python2/2.7.8/x86_64/gcc46/nonet/lib -lfreetype -lstdc++ -lm -lpython2.7 -o build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/matplotlib/ft2font.so
/usr/bin/ld: /usr/local/lib/libpython2.7.a(abstract.o): relocation R_X86_64_32S against `_Py_NotImplementedStruct' can not be used when making a shared object; recompile with -fPIC
/usr/local/lib/libpython2.7.a: could not read symbols: Bad value
collect2: ld returned 1 exit status
error: command 'g++' failed with exit status 1
error handling centos matplotlib build process installation freetype dependencies symbolic link

4 个回答

0

如果你想在CentOS 6（我写这段话时是6.9版本）上安装与Python 2.6兼容的最新版本的matplotlib，下面是我怎么做的。

以root身份登录后，输入：

sudo yum install -y epel-release
sudo yum install -y python-pip
sudo yum install -y gcc gcc-c++ python-argparse python-devel freetype-devel libpng-devel
pip install --upgrade pip
pip install numpy==1.11.3  # latest version working with Python 2.6
pip install --upgrade distribute  # required by matplotlib 1.4
pip install -I setuptools  # "distribute" installation will remove setuptools, so we need to reinstall it
pip install matplotlib==1.4.3  # latest version working with Python 2.6
回答于 2025-04-19 由 Python大师
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0

我在从源代码编译matplotlib-1.4.3的时候也遇到了这个问题。在出现这个错误后，我简单地运行了 export LDFLAGS="/home/ubuntu/softwares/python-2.7.11/lib"，然后再执行 python setup.py install。这样一来，错误就消失了，我成功安装了matplotlib。

回答于 2025-04-19 由 Python大师
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1

虽然我用的是python-2.6，但我找到了一种解决相同freetype错误的方法：其实你只需要下载matplotlib的python包，然后把对freetype-2.4的要求改成freetype-2.3。这一切都是在一个虚拟环境中完成的。

  1. 获取最新的matplotlib版本

    运行命令：pip install --download . matplotlib==1.4.0

  2. 解压下载的文件

    运行命令：tar -xzvf matplotlib-1.4.0.tar.gz

  3. 把对freetype的要求从2.4改成2.3（在第945行）

    运行命令：vi matplotlib-1.4.0/setupext.py

    找到并修改：min_version='2.4', version=version)

  4. 重新打包

    运行命令：tar -czvf matplotlib-1.4.0.tar.gz

  5. 安装所需的依赖

    运行命令：pip install numpy

    运行命令：pip install geojson==1.0.6

  6. 安装你修改过的本地包，看看它是如何编译的

    运行命令：pip install --verbose matplotlib-1.4.0.tar.gz

回答于 2025-04-19 由 Python大师
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我终于有时间回到这个问题上，发现它和Freetype没有关系。问题出在构建时选错了libpython2.7的版本。具体来说，就是这一行：

g++ -pthread -shared build/temp.linux-x86_64-2.7/src/ft2font.o build/temp.linux-x86_64-2.7/src/mplutils.o build/temp.linux-x86_64-2.7/extern/CXX/cxxsupport.o build/temp.linux-x86_64-2.7/extern/CXX/cxx_extensions.o build/temp.linux-x86_64-2.7/extern/CXX/IndirectPythonInterface.o build/temp.linux-x86_64-2.7/extern/CXX/cxxextensions.o -L/usr/local/lib -L/usr/local/lib64 -L/usr/lib -L/usr/lib64 -L/usr/local/python2/2.7.8/x86_64/gcc46/nonet/lib -lfreetype -lstdc++ -lm -lpython2.7 -o build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/matplotlib/ft2font.so

第一个-L目录是/usr/local/lib，这里有一个不同版本的python库（libpython2.7.a），而我应该用的是另一个版本。我临时把这个文件移走后，构建就成功了（它找到了正确的版本在/usr/local/python2/2.7.8/x86_64/gcc46/nonet/lib）。

我不太确定/usr/local/lib里的python库是从哪里来的。如果这是系统自带的版本，那这可能算是matplotlib构建脚本的一个bug。

回答于 2025-04-19 由 Python大师
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